In an effort to provide QoS in VANET, the IEEE 802.11p physical layer, which is recommended as VANET MAC protocol experiences a huge amount of packet losses as a result of collisions. Its performance can be improved by using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme to attain restructuring of TDMA slots with no central control. In this paper, we intend to propose a QoS routing protocol capable of finding and establishing a path through clustering approach using TDMA. This, however, is achieved by calculating the corresponding QoS provision values based on QoS metrics before selecting the optimal, reliable and stable route between source, cluster head and destination. The protocol would be an extension of LORA-CBF, to which QoS features are embedded in the route request selection. The results obtained through NCTUns simulator are used for analysis of throughput for both UDP and TCP traffic classes.
Due to the proliferation of handheld mobile devices, multimedia applications like Voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, network music, and online gaming are gaining popularity in recent years. These applications are well known to be delay sensitive and resource demanding. The mobility of mobile devices, running these applications, across different networks causes delay and service disruption. Mobile IPv6 was proposed to provide mobility support to IPv6-based mobile nodes for continuous communication when they roam across different networks. However, the Route Optimization procedure in Mobile IPv6 involves the verification of mobile node's reachability at the home address and at the care-of address (home test and care-of test) that results in higher handover delays and signalling overhead. This paper presents an enhanced procedure, time-based one-time password Route Optimization (TOTP-RO), for Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization that uses the concepts of shared secret Token, time based one-time password (TOTP) along with verification of the mobile node via direct communication and maintaining the status of correspondent node's compatibility. The TOTP-RO was implemented in network simulator (NS-2) and an analytical analysis was also made. Analysis showed that TOTP-RO has lower handover delays, packet loss, and signalling overhead with an increased level of security as compared to the standard Mobile IPv6's Return-Routability-based Route Optimization (RR-RO).
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