Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) are a leading course of child under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A target of 95% immunization coverage is necessary for the sustained control of VPDs. This study aims to determine the immunization status and its associated demo-graphic factors among children 12–59 months old in Akinyele Local Government area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in one urban and one rural ward of Akinyele LGA. Fourhundred and forty-four (449) Under-five children were selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected from caregivers using interviewer administered questionnaires. Odds ratios at 95% CIand Chi square at 5% significant level were computed to identify the factors associated with non or partial immunisation. Multiple logistics regression at 5% significance level was done to determine the socio-demographic determinants of immunisation status. Overall, 449 children aged 12–59 months were surveyed of which 213(47.4%) were males and 236(52.6%) were from urban area. Overall, 365(81.3%) was fully immunized, 75(16.7%) was partially immunized and 9(2.0%) had never been immunized. Predictors of a child being partially or un-immunised were being in the fourth wealth quintile (AOR 7.9; 95%CI: 2.7–18.0), poorest wealth quintile (AOR 14.5; 95%CI 4.2–20.5), having a mother with no education (AOR 6.4; 95%CI: 2.9–14.1) and a mother that practiced Islam (AOR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–3.7). Immunisation coverage was somewhat high but still suboptimal among the study population. Strategies that improve female literacy and those that target religious institutions may be effective in improving immunisation uptake.
Introduction: An outbreak of Lassa Fever (LF) reported and confirmed in Ondo state, Southwest Nigeria in January 2016 was investigated. This paper provides the epidemiology of the LF and lessons learnt from the investigation of the outbreak.Methods: The incidence management system (IMS) model was used for the outbreak coordination. Cases and deaths were identified through the routine surveillance system using standard definitions for suspected and confirmed cases and deaths respectively. Blood specimens collected from suspect cases were sent for confirmation at a WHO accredited laboratory. Active case search was intensified, and identified contacts of confirmed cases were followed up for the maximum incubation period of the disease. Other public health responses included infection prevention and control, communication and advocacy as well as case management. Data collected were analysed using SPSS 20, by time, place and persons and important lessons drawn were discussed. Results: We identified 90 suspected LF cases of which 19 were confirmed by the laboratory. More than half (52.6%) of the confirmed cases were females with majority (73.7%) in the age group ≥ 15 years. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 63.2% among the laboratory-confirmed positive cases where 9 of 19 cases died, was significantly higher compared to the laboratory confirmed negative cases where 6 of the 65 cases died ( CFR; 8.5%) p ≤ 0.05. Two hundred and eighty-seven contacts of the confirmed cases were identified, out of which 267(93.0%) completed the follow-up without developing any symptoms and 2 (0.7%) developed symptoms consistent with LF and were confirmed by the laboratory. More than half of the contacts were females (64.5%) with most of them (89.2%) in the age group ≥ 25 years. Discussion: One key lesson learnt from the investigation was that the confirmed cases were mainly primary cases; hence the needs to focus on measures of breaking the chain of transmission in the animal-man interphase during Lassa fever epidemic preparedness and response. In addition, the high case fatality rate despite early reporting and investigation suggested the need for a review of the case management policy and structure in the State. Key Words: Lassa fever, Outbreak Response, Incident Management System, Nigeria
Background: Lassa fever is an acute viral zoonotic disease caused by the Lassa virus. Nosocomial infection has been described in many West African countries. It can be prevented by use of simple universal precaution techniques. Aim: To describe Lassa fever cases and contact tracing and outcome of Health Care Workers (HCWs) who came in contact with two cases. Methods: This study was carried out among the healthcare workers who came in contact with the cases. They were categorized into high and low risk and followed up for a period of 21 days after the last contact with a case. Results: While 71 hospital staff came in contact with both patients only 60 [84.5%] responded to follow up. A total of 34 [47.9%] collected ribavirin prophylaxis out of which 32 [94%] were high risk. Throughout the follow up period, two contacts reported having fever, headaches and body aches. They both tested negative for Lassa virus. They were given antimalarial and antibacterial and both improved. Conclusion: Lassa fever can be difficult to diagnose and the use of simple universal precautions during patient care was sufficient to prevent the nosocomial transmission of Lassa fever and should continue to be encouraged among HCWs.
Background: Nutrition is an important element of a child's survival and development. To achieve MDG 4 in Nigeria, nutritional status of under-five children needs to be improved as malnutrition remains an underlying factor in about one third of under-five deaths in Nigeria. Unfortunately, along with high prevalence of malnutrition, urban-rural disparities persist in child nutritional outcomes in Nigeria.Objective: To determine the differences in and predictors of the nutritional status of children in urban and rural areas of Akinyele LGA, Ibadan. Methods: A community based comparative cross sectional study was carried out in one urban and one rural ward of Akinyele LGA. Data was collected from mothers of 614 children. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from the children and Z scores generated using the WHO standard population. The children were classified as stunted, wasted or underweight using a cut off of -2 SD
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.