Retinal haemorrhages were studied in a consecutive series of 99 babies delivered by forceps, 94 delivered by vacuum extractor and 207 delivered spontaneously.The incidence of haemorrhages for spontaneously delivered was 27.5 O/o, for those delivered by forceps 38"/0, and for those delivered by vacuum extractor 64O/o. The incidence of haemorrhages in the group of vacuum extractions was significantly higher than among either the group of forceps extractions or the spontaneous deliveries. I n addition, more severe haemorrhages were found in the group of vacuum extractions. Influence on the incidence of haemorrhages by factors other than type of delivery could not be verified statistically.

Ankyloblepharon filiforme congenitum (or adnatum) indicates a malformation in which the margins of the upper and lower eyelids are connected by extensile tissue bands. In the literature 24 cases have been reported.Lohlein (1930) showed a photograph of a baby with ankyloblepharon filiforme and an obvious cleft-lip. Later this coincidence of malformations have been reported by Khanna (1957) and by Long & Blandford (1962). V a n der W o u d e (1954) described a family with a strong occurrence of labial fistula, cleft-lip and cleft-palate, in which one of the patients with labial fistula had unilateral ankyloblepharon filiforme. The present case brings the number of the coincidence of ankyloblepharon and harelip and/or cleft-palate up to 5 out of a total of 24 cases of ankyloblepharon filiforme.A total ankyloblepharon in most cases occurs associated with severe facial and ocular malformations. Berndorfer (1965) in a report of four cases with gross defects of the facial structures presented one with complete cleft-lip and cleft-palate associated with homolateral, total ankyloblepharon and microphthalmos.

Perinatal macular haemorrhage has been suggested as being a cause of amblyopia and strabismus. 39 of 48 children with macular haemorrhage after birth were examined a t the age of 5 years. The study comprised visual acuity with E-test types and cycloplegic refraction. Binocular function was evaluated by cover test, and 4d-prism test. Fixation was studied by an ophthalmoscope with a central dark star. Sensory function was estimated by Schober test and Worth 4-dot-test. The observations gave no support to the existence of organic amblyopia or strabismus following perinatal macular haemorrhage.Key words: macular haemorrhageshaemorrhages in the newbornamblyopiastrabismus.Retinal haemorrhages are known to occur in a large fraction of newborns. The figures range from a few to 50 per cent, or even higher.During the years 1969-71 a consecutive series of deliveries was examined by ophthalmoscopy (Ehlers, Krarup- Jensen & Brogaard Hansen 1974). The series was planned as a comparison of deliveries by means of forceps and vacuum extractor, and comprised a total of 413 newborns. Ninety-nine babies were delivered by forceps, 94 by vacuum extractor, while in 13 cases a failed vacuum This study was supported by a grant from Komiteen ti1 forebyggelse af blindhed.