Black and poor people are more frequently convicted of committing crimes. However, the specific role played by skin color and social class in convicting a person has yet to be clarified. This article aims to elucidate this issue by proposing that belonging to a lower social class facilitates the conviction of black targets and that this phenomenon is because information about social class dissimulates racial bias. Study 1 (N = 160) demonstrated that information about belonging to the lower classes increases agreement with a criminal suspect being sentenced to prison only when described as being black. Furthermore, Studies 2 (N = 170) and 3 (N = 174) show that the anti-prejudice norm inhibits discrimination against the black target when participants were asked to express individual racial prejudice, but not when they expressed cultural racial prejudice. Finally, Study 4 (N = 134) demonstrated that lower-class black targets were discriminated against to a greater degree when participants expressed either individual or cultural prejudice and showed that this occurs when racial and class anti-prejudice norms are salient. The results suggest that social class negatively affects judgments of black targets because judgment based on lower class mitigates the racist motivation of discrimination.
This study investigated the relationship between the victim's group membership and secondary victimization she suff ers, moderated by Moral Values and Belief in a Just World (BJW). The victim of the ingroup was blamed more for the sexual violence she suff ered (Study 1, N = 250). In turn, that relationship was moderated by binding values (Study 2, N = 117) and by BJW (Study 3, N = 258). Together, the results suggest that the victim blaming is greater when she belongs to the ingroup; and that this relationship is predicted by high adherence to binding values and low adherence to BJW. This research contributes to the extent that it demonstrates that the relationship between adherence to binding values and victim derogation does not occur exclusively at the cognitive level, as information processing in which high adherence to these values would produce greater secondary victimization regardless of group membership of the victim. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering the psychosocial processes underlying violence against women in order to promote more eff ective discussions and actions.
Neste trabalho, de cunho descritivo-exploratório, analisamos inquéritos policiais abertos na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM) de um município do Nordeste Brasileiro buscando investigar as configurações que a violência contra a mulher pode assumir. Analisamos 100 inquéritos dos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 (N=300). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise textual realizada com auxílio do Software IRAMUTEQ. Em síntese, os resultados aqui encontrados mostram que não há um perfil específico da mulher vítima de violência e que seus agressores são, majoritariamente, homens conhecidos por elas. Além disso, há uma prevalência das violências psicológica e física e é possível observar uma associação entre o álcool e outras drogas e a violência por elas sofrida. Por fim, este estudo traz subsídios para maiores discussões sobre esse tema e sobre a necessidade da elaboração de métodos mais eficazes de intervenção em casos de violência contra a mulher.
La presente investigación se ha centrado en analizar los discursos que los principales periódicos españoles utilizan para representar al colectivo marroquí en España. Para el tratamiento de la información recogida fueron adoptados los principios de la Teoría del Framing. Se analizaron los títulos de artículos periodísticos que incluyesen la palabra “marroquí” de tres periódicos nacionales, “El Mundo”, “ABC” y “El País”, publicados entre los años 2008 y 2016. Los análisis fueron realizados por medio del software IRAMUTEQ. Esta investigación contribuye a la comprensión de cómo los medios de comunicación colaboran en la conformación de estereotipos negativos frente al colectivo marroquí, legitimando situaciones de discriminación de esta minoría social.
This work aimed to analyze the influence of stereotypes on discrimination against women. Specifically, it investigated the effects of the candidate gender (man vs. woman), the status regarding parental leave (exercising the right vs. waiving the right), and the stereotypes of competence, sociability, and morality regarding this discrimination. Consistent with previous studies, the candidate gender and the parental leave status interact and together influence discrimination against women (Study 1, F(1, 229)=22.45, p<.001). In turn, the triple interaction of candidate gender, parental leave status, and the three dimensions of stereotypes (Study 2, F4, 587)=2.73, p=.030, ƞ²=.018) revealed that the woman who took parental leave received more positive evaluations in the three stereotypical dimensions, in comparison with to the woman who waived her right to the leave, and, at the same time, she was poorly assessed in the competence dimension, compared to the man who exercises the same right (Study 2, N=312)
As últimas décadas foram testemunhas de uma crescente visibilidade e consciência pública acerca das questões de gênero. Contudo, esse crescimento não representa, necessariamente, avanços significativos, pois a violência contra a mulher continua a ser um dos problemas mais persistentes e desafiadores do nosso tempo. Dada a sua complexidade, a compreensão dessa problemática pode ser particularmente desafiante em um país como o Brasil, em que existem desigualdades de toda ordem e uma ofensiva conservadora em curso (Biroli, 2018). Segundo o Intitulo Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2021), mesmo que os indicadores sobre violência contra a mulher esbarrem na subnotificação de casos, os dados são alarmantes e o ambiente doméstico, por exemplo, representa um contexto de risco com diferenças explícitas em função do gênero no país. Em 2019, enquanto para os homens a proporção de homicídios que ocorreram no domicílio foi de 11,2%, para as mulheres esse índice atingiu 30,4%, com taxas maiores entre mulheres pretas ou pardas.
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