Our findings suggest that patients with severe COPD can exhibit compromised "inflammatory status", characterized by higher IL6, IL-6/IL-10 ratio and lower IL-10 concentration. Furthermore, IL-10 seems to be an interesting cytokine to be investigated in this kind of patients.

BACKGROUND: Among the types of physical exercise, resistance exercises have been gaining significant attention in the COPD population. The aim of this study was to compare effects of conventional resistance training and of training by using elastic tubes on muscle strength, exercise capacity, and creatine kinase clearance in subjects with COPD. METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects with COPD were randomized into the following: resistance training with the elastic tubing group and resistance training with the weight-machine training group (conventional resistance group), performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The subjects were submitted to spirometry, functional exercise capacity (the 6-min walk test), muscle strength (dynamometry), and the repetition maximum test. Differences between the initial and final evaluations (⌬) and the (final -initial evaluations)/initial evaluations ؋100 (⌬%) of each group were expressed as mean [95% CI]. RESULTS: Nineteen subjects (FEV 1 % predicted, 52 ؎ 18; years, 65 ؎ 8) completed the training program. Similar improvements were observed in both modalities on muscle strength (knee extension, ⌬%18 [6 to 29]; knee flexion, ⌬%35 [17 to 54]; elbow flexion, ⌬%28 [9 to 48]; shoulder abduction, ⌬%41 [25 to 58] and shoulder flexion, ⌬%31 [11 to 51] in the weight-machine training group (conventional resistance group); knee extension, ⌬%15 [8 to 21]; knee flexion, ⌬%28 [15 to 41]; elbow flexion, ⌬%36 [22 to 51]; and shoulder abduction, ⌬%43 [32 to 55] and shoulder flexion, ⌬%43 [25 to 61] in the elastic tubing group, P < .05 for intra-group analysis and P > .05 for between groups analysis), 6-min walk test (baseline 493 ؎ 67m vs 12 weeks 526 ؎ 78 in the weight-machine training group (P ‫؍‬ .10); baseline 493 ؎ 71 vs 12 weeks 524 ؎ 68 in the elastic tubing group (P < .01), P ‫؍‬ .88 between groups). The elastic tubing group had lower accumulated creatine kinase levels between 24 and 72 h ((⌬%؊24 [؊31 to 16] than subjects in the weight-machine training group ⌬%3 [؊21 to 28], P ‫؍‬ .042 between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Training with elastic resistance provided similar changes in muscle strength and exercise capacity to conventional resistance group in the subjects with COPD. The elastic tubing group had faster creatine kinase clearance after a training session than the weight-machine training group (conventional resistance group). The ease of its application associated with similar training benefits to conventional training supported its application in clinical routine.

OBJECTIVE Describe the main work risks for sugarcane cutters and their effects on workers’ health.METHODS Critical review of articles, with bibliographic research carried out in the PubMed, SciELO Medline, and Lilacs databases. The following keywords were used: sugarcane workers, sugarcane cutters, sugarcane harvesting, cortadores de cana-de-açú car , and colheita de cana -de-açúcar . The inclusion criteria were articles published between January 1997 and June 2017, which evaluated working conditions and health effects on sugarcane cutters. Those that did not deal with the work impact of cutting burned and unburnt sugarcane in the cutter’s health were excluded. The final group of manuscripts was selected by the lead author of this study and reviewed by a co-author. Disagreements were resolved by consensus using the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and, where necessary, the final decision was made by consulting a third co-author.RESULTS From the 89 articles found, 52 met the selection criteria and were evaluated. Studies have shown that cutters work under conditions of physical and mental overload, thermal overload, exposure to pollutants, and are subject to accidents. The main effects observed were respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, heat stress, dehydration, genotoxic, and those due to accidents.CONCLUSIONS Work on the manual cutting of sugarcane, especially of burned sugarcane, exposes workers to various risks, with different health impacts. Risk reduction for exposure to pollution and thermal and physical overload is required as a measure to preserve the health of the worker.

After 3 months of work in burnt sugarcane harvesting the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms and IL-6 in nasal lavage increased. Furthermore, eosinophil counts were directly associated with the rhinitis symptoms in the period of higher concentration of particulate matter.

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do treinamento resistido com tubos elásticos e aparelhos de musculação (convencional) sobre a força muscular, qualidade de vida e dispneia em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Pacientes alocados em grupos de treinamento com tubos elásticos (ETG, n=9) e convencional (CRG, n=10) foram avaliados por força isométrica e questionários de qualidade de vida (CRQ) e dispneia (MRC). A força isométrica aumentou em ~25% em ambos os grupos em todos os movimentos (p<0,05). MRC e o domínio dispneia de CRQ apresentaram melhoras de -28,70% e -6,05 % no ETG, e -33,33% e -16,23% no CRG, respectivamente. Força de flexão de ombro e cotovelo apresentaram correlação negativa com a variável MRC (p<0,05) para CRG. Ambas intervenções foram benéficas para aumento da força e redução do MRC, com aumento da força de membros superiores correlacionado à redução da sensação de dispneia nos pacientes com DPOC. Palavras-chave: Exercício. Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Qualidade de vida. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training with elastic tubes and weight machines (conventional) on muscle strength, quality of life and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients were allocated in training groups with elastic tubes (ETG, n = 9) and conventional (CRG, n = 10) and evaluated by isometric strength and quality of life questionnaire (CRQ) and dyspnea (MRC). Isometric strength increased by ~25% in both groups in all movements (p <0.05). MRC and the CRQ dyspnea domain showed improvement of -28.70% and -6.05% in the ETG, and -33.33% and -16.23% at CRG, respectively. Shoulder and elbow flexion showed a negative and significant correlation with MRC (p <0.05), for CRG. Both interventions were beneficial for increasing the strength and reducing the MRC score, and increased strength of upper limbs correlated to the reduction of the sensation of dyspnea in patients with COPD.

Background: The specific benefits of aerobic exercises in smoking cessation are unclear, as they have different characteristics, intensities, and durations. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise, with or without co-interventions, compared with a control group of cognitive behavior treatment on smoking cessation. Methods: This review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO, and the searches were performed from 2016 to 2018. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of aerobic exercise, with or without nicotine therapy replacement, compared with usual care were included. The primary outcome was smoking cessation defined as the prevalence of those who quit or continuous abstinence. Meta-analysis was calculated using random effects model in the comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The authors identified 18 trials reporting data for a total of 2815 participants. There was moderate-quality evidence that aerobic exercise was better than usual care in promoting smoking cessation at short term (11 trials, risk ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.94). However, there were no differences between aerobic exercises and usual care at medium- or long-term follow-ups. Conclusions: According to review, aerobic exercise may be effective in promoting smoking cessation at short-term, but not at medium- and long-term follow-ups.

Fundamento: Poucos estudos já examinaram a relação do nível habitual de atividade física e a modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) na qualidade do sono de fumantes. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar alterações na qualidade do sono de fumantes e sua relação com nível habitual de atividade física e modulação do SNA. Métodos: Um total de 42 fumantes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o 50º percentil de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). A qualidade do sono foi avaliada utilizando-se o Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (mini questionário do sono), e a modulação do SNA foi avaliada por índices de variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC). Para a análise de possíveis diferenças de média, foi utilizada a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) para ajuste de idade, gênero, composição corporal, maços-ano, betabloqueadores, ansiedade, e depressão, em log base 10, exceto por dados qualitativos, tais como gênero e betabloqueadores. Foram estabelecidas correlações utilizando-se a correlação de postos de Spearman. A significância estatística foi definida em 5%. Resultados: Os fumantes que eram menos ativos demonstraram pior qualidade do sono (p=0,048) e insônia (p=0,045). Além disso, o grupo menos ativo apresentou redução na modulação parassimpática [HF (un; p=0,049); RMSSD (ms; p=0,047) e SD1 (ms; p=0,047)] e aumento do índice de LF (un) index (p=0,033) e razão LF/HF (p=0,040). Houve correlação positiva entre a pontuação total no Mini-sleep com o índice de LF (un) (r=0,317, p=0,041) e razão LF/HF (r=0,318, p=0,040) e correlação negativa com o índice de HF (un) (r= -0,322, p=0,038). Conclusões: Fumantes com baixo nível de atividade física habitual apresentaram baixa qualidade do sono e alterações na modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0) Palavras-chave: Sono; Qualidade do Sono; Exercício; Frequência Cardíaca; Tabagismo; Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o impacto das emissões da queima da cana-de-açúcar sobre o número de internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em uma região canavieira. Registros de internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias foram adquiridas a partir da base de dados referentes ao sistema de informações hospitalares do sistema único de saúde (SIH-SUS), no período de 28 de março de 2011 a 28 de dezembro de 2012. Níveis de MP10, NO2, O3, temperatura e umidade relativa foram registradas. Modelos de regressão logística foram construídos para analisar a associação entre o número total de internações, poluentes atmosféricos e variáveis meteorológicas. Foram registradas 1.179 internações, dentre elas a pneumonia mostrou aumento significativo no período de queima (p = 0,005). Neste mesmo período observou-se que o cluster MP10 e NO2 influenciou 67,9% (IC95%: 11,111-2,537), seguido do cluster MP10, NO2, O3 e temperatura que influenciou 91,1% (IC95%: 1,116; 3,271) no número total de internações. Durante o período de queima houve maior número de internações por doenças respiratórias, principalmente de pneumonia, quando foi observada a influência dos poluentes e temperatura no processo de adoecimento da população.