The mechanisms of infection development in intraperitoneal inoculation of mice by ectromelia virus strain K-1 and cowpox strain EP-2 were studied. Ultrastructural parameters of virus assembly and maturation are described. Differences in the types of cells replicating the viruses and in the type of visceral injuries were detected. The studies showed a local type of strain EP-2 cowpox infection and dissemination of ectromelia strain K-1.
В политической и экономической психологии существует дефицит исследований отношения граждан к экономической политике и отдельным ее видам. Цель данной работы состояла в выявлении характеристик отношения к денежно-кредитной политике и ее субъектам в предыдущие годы и на фоне ситуации распространения коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 в 2020 г. Дополнительно решалась задача проверки авторского опросника отношения к денежно-кредитной политике (ОДКП) на надежность и конструктную валидность. До эпидемии было выполнено три замера (всего 164 чел.) на сходных по демографическим характеристикам выборках (в 2016 г., 2017 г. и в конце 2018 и начале 2019 гг.). В мае 2020 г. на фоне экономического кризиса в ситуации распространения коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 был выполнен еще один четвертый замер (113 респондентов, средний возраст 37 лет, 51% мужчин и 49% женщин). Результаты исследования позволили выявить проблемные зоны отражения гражданами ДКП в России, в частности слабое доверие ее институтам. Основные претензии респондентами предъявлялись к низкой степени прозрачности политики Центробанка и к ее зависимости от иностранного влияния, а также к слабой поддержке бизнеса и производства, с дефицитом дешевых кредитов для бизнеса. На фоне реализации программы финансовой поддержки населения во время эпидемии был выявлен статистически значимый положительный сдвиг в оценке субъектов ДКП и их деятельности. При этом упростилась структура отражения ДКП в обыденном сознании граждан.
In political and economic psychology, there is a shortage of research on the attitude of citizens to economic policy and its individual types. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of attitudes toward monetary policy and its subjects in previous years and against the background of the spread of the COVID-19 in 2020. In addition, the task of testing the author’s questionnaire on monetary policy attitude (AMP) and its checks for reliability and design validity realized. Before the epidemic, three measurements (164 people in total) were performed on samples with similar demographic characteristics (in 2016, 2017, and at the end of 2018 - beginning of 2019). In May 2020, against the backdrop of the economic crisis in the situation of the spread of infection COVID-19, another fourth measurement was performed (113 respondents, average age 37 years, 51% men and 49% women). The results of the study revealed the problem areas of the reflection of monetary policy in Russia by citizens’ weak trust in the institutions of this policy. The main complaints by the respondents were to a low degree of transparency of the Central Bank's policy and its dependence on foreign influence, as well as to poor support for business and production, with a shortage of cheap loans for business. Against the background of the implementation of the program of financial support for the population during the epidemic, a statistically significant positive shift was identified in the assessment of the subjects of monetary policy in Russia and their activities. At the same time, the structure of the reflection of monetary policy in the ordinary consciousness of citizens was simplified.
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