Significance. Potato products seem to be gaining popularity in Russia, especially potato chips and french fries. The processing of potato into food products reduces storage losses and the amount of transportation needed and allows the nutritional potential of potato to be harnessed fully. However, only a minor part of all produced potato is processed in Primorsky kray by small-scale enterprises. The lack of high quality raw material is the main reason for that. The research aim was to evaluate potato varieties from our collection nursery for the traits that determine potato suitability for the production of potato chips and french fries.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental fields of the Department of potato breeding and horticulture, FSBIS “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, in 2019-2021. One hundred and eighty potato hybrids of various origin and from different maturity groups were used as the research object. The evaluation was conducted according to the guidelines on the assessment of potato varieties for their suitability for processing and storage with a few additions.Results. The conditions in 2019 were the most favorable for yield formation in medium-early (32.3 t/ha), mid-season (31.9 t/ha) and medium-late (33.1 t/ha) varieties. Early varieties were observed to have the highest mean yield in 2021 (34.0 t/ha). Biochemical parameters (the dry matter content) and the content of reducing sugars were optimal (22-24 % and less than 0.26 %, respectively) in varieties Vektar, Zhuravinka, Darnitsa, Pamyati Rogacheva, Lady Rosetta, VR 808. The morphological parameters (the shape of tubers, the quantity and depth of potato eyes) of varieties Severnyi, Bryanskii delikates, Danaya, Kurazh, Sante, Dubrava, Nayada made them the most suitable for the production of potato chips. Varieties Kolette, Narka, Innovator, Vdokhnovenie were determined to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. Based on the complex of morphological and biochemical parameters, 29 potato varieties were selected for the production of potato chips and 26 varieties were approved for the production of french fries. The degree of suitability varied from 6.4 to 8 points. Under the conditions of Primorsky kray, varieties Sante, Tanai, Nayada. Alyaska, Krasa Meshchery, Kazachok generate the most interest for the production of potato chips. Varieties Liga, Vesna Belaya, Udacha, Utenok, Charodei, Ocharovanie, Rikarda appear to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. These varieties have a high degree of suitability after harvest and good yield.
The study used genetic material of 13 field-grown potato varieties: Avgustin, Belmonda, Dachniy, Kazachok, Koroleva Anna, Labella, Laperla, Lilly, Red Lady, Sante, Smak, Yubilyar, Yantar and 6 varieties grown in vitro – Adretta, Zhukovskyi rannyi, Khazachiok, Sante, Smak, Yantar. The development of molecular genetic methods for identification of genetic markers of resistance to Potato virus Y and Golden potato cyct nematode was carried out. Meteor variety was used as a positive control due to having the desired genes in its genome. After screening testing of 16 promising potato varieties for resistance to Potato virus Y YES 3A marker of Rysto gene have not been identified. Golden potato cyct nematode resistance H1 gene markers 57R and N195 have been identified in Belmonda, Zhukovskyi rannyi, Koroleva Anna, Labella, Laperla, Lilly, Red Lady, Sante, Smak, and Yubilyar varieties.
Relevance. Potato is one of the most important agricultural crops used for various purposes. Its tubers are an essential food product for many people worldwide. The development of breeding technologies and an accelerated marketing of new promising potato genotypes play a significant role in the industry of potato production today. FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnologies of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki” conducted a complex study on potato hybrids.The research goal was to evaluate and select promising potato hybrids with high yield, marketability, and resistance to the most dangerous diseases. The experiments were carried out in our breeding nurseries located at Putsilovka v., Ussuriysk district, in the Kazachka river valley. Hybrids Purple potato × Manifest and (Aspiya×Qusto) × Manifest were used as the research object. The methodology of FSBSI “N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources” and FSBSI “Russian Potato Research Center” were employed for the trials of the material. Fifty-two potato varieties from different maturity groups were used as pollen sources.Results. As the result, seventy-one hybrid combinations were created, 2272 flowers were pollinated, and 640 potato fruits were obtained. The efficiency of the crossing was 28.2%. Hybrids Pri15-12-23 Purple potato × Manifest and Pri-15-15-7 (Aspiya×Qusto) × Manifest had the highest rate of potato fruit formation. These accessions were characterized by good taste and high yield (48.7-51.0 t/ha), starch content (13.9-16.3 %), and vitamin C (15.0-15.4 mg/100 g). Tubers of these genotypes were oblong-oval or round with yellow flesh and small eyes. The studied accessions showed resistance to the main plant pathogens of the Russian Far East. Currently the obtained genotypes are tested for resistance to potato wart disease (S. Endobioticum, Dahlem pathotype) in the State variety trials. These accessions generate significant interest for breeding.
Relevance. Plants of potato varieties are carriers of viral pathogens in a latent form. These viruses can be transmitted to clonal progeny of the carriers. The system of virus-free seed production facilitates the elimination of the viruses in seed potatoes and preserves the high productivity of potato varieties. The research goal was to develop a scheme for virus elimination in potato using biotechnological methods and to introduce this scheme in the production of virus-free tubers under the conditions of Primorsky krai.Material and methods. New promising variety Moryak (breeding number Pri-08-11-1), which was created in FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, was used as the research object. The mean yield of the new genotype is 34.1 t/ha, the potential yield is 40.1 t/ha. The dry matter content is 18.13-23.85%, the starch content is 12.10-17.24%, and the content of vitamin C is 17.46-23.12 mg/100 g. This variety has a high keeping quality of tubers (92.2-94.4%) and resistance to excessive soil moisture. Tissue culture and chemotherapy in combination with ribavirin (a concentration of 0.02-0.03%) and chitosan (0.01-0.1%) were used for virus elimination. Sprouts from the original tubers and plantlets were tested by EIA and qPCR for latent infection (PVX, PVY, PVA, PVS, PVM, PLRV).Results. A sequential increase in the concentration of ribavirin (from 0.02 to 0.03%) and chitosan (from 0.01 to 0.1%) and their alternation in different passages proved to be an effective method for virus elimination in plantlets. As the result of the research, the new scheme for the elimination of the most economically important potato viruses was developed and introduced, and virus-free seed material was obtained.
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