Relevance. There are a lot of publications on the assessment of dental caries and fluorosis in children in the fluoride endemic areas. The studies on the analysis of the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in these children are few and contradictory. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in schoolchildren in the endemic fluorosis areas. Materials and methods.A cross-sectional dental examination was performed according to the WHO method with a calibration expert in 361 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years old living in the areas with highly fluoridated drinking water (1.5-4.5 ppm). The clinical forms of dental fluorosis were assessed by the WHO classification and the prevalence and severity of malocclusion were evaluated by the DAI index. The obtained information was processed using the SPSS ® Statistics 23.0 software. Results. A high prevalence of dental fluorosis was revealed in the examined schoolchildren with the predominance of mild forms of pathology. Most of the children had malocclusion; mild malocclusion was most often diagnosed.Conclusions. The study did not reveal any differences between the occurrence and severity of fluoride induced dental lesions, malocclusion in the studied age and sex groups. The prevalence and severity of malocclusion were comparable in the samples of students without dental fluorosis and with various clinical forms of this pathology.
РезюмеАктуальность. Формирование зубочелюстных аномалий (ЗЧА) обусловлено рядом общих и местных факторов риска, хорошо описанных в специальной литературе. Вместе с тем сведения о возможном влиянии повышенной концентрации фторидов питьевой воды на распространенность и структуру зубочелюстных аномалий у детей и подростков малочисленны и противоречивы. Цель исследования -изучить распространенность зубочелюстных аномалий у школьников 12 и 15 лет, проживающих в очаге эндемии флюороза, с применением DAI. Материалы и методы. Выполнено одномоментное поперечное стоматологическое обследование 361 школьника 12 и 15 лет, постоянно проживающих в населенном пункте с повышенным содержанием фторидов в питьевой воде (до 4,5 ppm). В зависимости от наличия и тяжести флюороза зубов (ФЗ) обследованные дети были распределены на группы. Для оценки ФЗ использовали классификацию ВОЗ, для оценки ЗЧА -DAI. Статистическая обработка полученных результатов выполнена с помощью программы SPSS ® Statistics 23.0. Результаты. Выявлена высокая распространенность ФЗ (65,4%) и ЗЧА (66,2%) среди обследованных учеников. У 49% школьников имелись легкие формы флюороза. Самой частой ЗЧА была скученность резцов (DAI -компонент 2). Выраженные (более 1 мм) отклонения (DAI -компонент 5) верхних резцов встречались чаще по сравнению с нижними. Вторая по частоте ЗЧА -отклонения в сагиттальном соотношении первых моляров (DAI -компонент 10). Смещения на половину бугра встречались в два раза чаще, чем на целый бугор. Распространенность большинства компонентов DAI в группах учеников без флюороза и с флюорозом зубов различной степени тяжести была сопоставимой. Отмечено нарастание частоты отклонений в переднезаднем соотношении первых моляров в группах учеников с выраженным флюорозом зубов. Выводы. Распространенность большинства компонентов DAI у школьников без флюороза и с флюорозом зубов различной тяжести была сопоставимой.
The pathogenesis of malocclusions, which are common among the population of all countries, is well represented in the professional literature. The occurrence of malocclusions is associated with genetic and various environmental factors. Among the latter, fluorides which affect the prevalence of some dental diseases are of particular interest. However, there are few publications reflecting the frequency of malocclusion among the population in the regions with different levels of fluoride in drinking water. This problem seems to be significant in the context of the increasing impact of fluorine compounds on human health, including dental health.The aim of the study. To analyze the literature on the frequency of malocclusion among the population living in conditions of variable fluoride content in drinking water. A manual search of domestic and foreign literature was performed in the search databases PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. From the initial list of publications, eighteen articles that met the inclusion criteria for the study were selected for analysis. We revealed significant variability of the research results. Some authors note a higher prevalence of malocclusions among the population under conditions of increased fluoride intake, others note a lower one, and still others did not reveal any differences between the values obtained in both samples. Most of the assessed publications did not methodologically meet modern international standards, and therefore were of little evidence.The literature data do not provide grounds for an unambiguous assessment of fluorine compounds as an environmental factor that indirectly affects the process of occlusion formation in humans and animals.The review did not allow to make a definitive conclusion on the possible impact of systemic fluorides on the prevalence and pattern of malocclusion in humans and animals. It requires the implementation of studies that comply with the principles of evidence-based medicine.
Aim. To assess the significance of dental fluorosis for public health using the CFI index.Materials and metods. Dental fluorosis was evaluated in 622 students of 12.15 years old according to the WHO methodology and CFI was calculated for four settlements of the Tver region.Results. The average prevalence of dental fluorosis was 36.5% with variability in the values of groups of schoolchildren from 5.2% to 66.7%. The significance of dental fluorosis for public health ranged from “negative” to “medium” (CFI 0.1–1.2) in the settlements of the region, from “insignificant” to “medium” (CFI 0.7–1.7) in city Tver.Conclusions. When planning measures to prevent dental fluorosis in children in the Tver region, it is recommended that CFI indicators be taken into account.
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