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Presented are the results of studying the dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of water from the formation zone to the estuary of the Zeravshan River; also the effects are investigated of the sewage of the Anzob ore mining and processing enterprise on the water quality. It is revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in the river water is far from the maximum permissible concentration, i.e., the ore mining and processing enterprise does not affect water composition variations. It is discovered that in the river lower reaches on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan the river water is mainly contaminated with drain-collector and municipal waste water. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of cations and anions in the seasonal snow on the glaciers of volcanic origin in the Zeravshan River basin. According to the observational data for the period of 1998-2012, severe floods occur and mudflows causing the appreciable economic damage are formed in Panjakent and Ayni mountain areas in the Zeravshan River basin.

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The results of monitoring of meteorological, hydrological parameters and hydrochemistry of the main tributaries of the transboundary Amu Darya River, the Vakhsh, Zeravshan and Pyanj rivers are presented. The influence of climate change on the meteorological characteristics of river basins has been observed. The need for coordination of Central Asian countries in the implementation of integrated water resources management is suggested. It is pointed out that the lack of a developed network of hydrometeorological observation points and a low level of information exchange among the countries of the region often leads to the emergence of scientifically unjustified scenarios and forecasts of climatic and hydrological processes in the region. The creation of a single regional center for cryosphere and hydrometeorological observations for continuous monitoring of processes occurring with water objects in the region is proposed.