Gastrointestinal nematodes are prevalent among dogs in Ukraine and most other countries. Economic losses in dog breeding for invasive diseases are diffi cult to calculate in material terms, but they are clearly manifested in terms of animal health. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to fi nd out the epizootic situation regarding the nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs of diff erent age, sex and breed groups in the Belotserkovsky district of Kyiv region. The studies were conducted on the territory of single-sector private sector farms of 15 settlements of Belotserkovsky district and on the territories of shelters for homeless animals of Belaya Tserkov. Koprovoskopichesky researches were carried out by the combined method standardized by Kotelnikov - Hrenov. According to the results of coprovoscopy of samples from dogs of the Belotserkovsky area, a signifi cant spread of nematodes of the gastrointestinal canal was established (EI was 50.18%). Eggs of such nematodes as Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides stercoralis were isolated. Diseases were recorded in the form of mono-invasions, among which the largest proportion of the aff ected were trihuriza (27.11%), toxocariasis (6.59), ankylostomosis (1.83%), and myxinvasions, which again led the trichuris. Animals from birth to 7 years were most aff ected. In terms of gender, females were more vulnerable. The highest incidence of invasion was among outbred dogs (51.56%). Most dogs in this group are aff ected by trichuris (54.55%) and myxinvasia (29.29%), which also included T. vulpis. Breeds German Shepherd, Dachshund, Russian Spaniel had the highest percentage of nematode infestations among all studied breeds. The leader among pathogens was T. vulpis, which covered more than half (52.63%) of rocks, myxinvasions were 28.94%, which included T. vulpis. The breeds of the Belgian shepherd, shih-tzu, Russian-European chamomile, alabai were resistant. Key words: dog, invasion, trichrosis, toxocariasis, ankylostomosis, toxascarose, distribution, koproovoskopichni research, extensiveness of invasion, intensity of invasion.
Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara canis are worldwide parasitic nematodes affecting dogs and mammals of the Canine family. Due to the special structure of the shells, the eggs of these geohelminths can maintain their viability in soil, sand, water and the environment for a long time. The study involved young (6–12 months old) and adult (1.5–8.0 years old) dogs affected by co-infection of T. vulpis + T. canis; the control group consisted of dewormed healthy animals of the same age. Parasitological examination of dogs' faeces was performed using a "Counting Chamber for Ovoscopic Researches"; morphological parameters, indicators of nutrient metabolism, mineral metabolism and activity of enzymatic systems were determined in blood and serum. According to the results of parasitological research on the dogs, it was found that young animals are more prone to toxocarosis, and adults – trichurosis. The co-infection of nematodes T. vulpis + T. canis in dogs develops several changes in haematological parameters: a significant decrease in erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and haematocrit, leukocytosis with basophils and eosinophilia in young infected animals; and eosinophilia and basophilia (15.9 times) in adults, compared with healthy dogs of the same age. Among the changes in serum biochemical parameters, young infected dogs showed a decrease in the concentration of total protein and albumin content, an increase in the content of "acute phase" proteins (α-1, α-2 and β-globulins), an increase in cholesterol and total bilirubin; in adult infected dogs, a decrease in albumin content, an increase in the content of α-1, α-2, and β-globulins, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol and total bilirubin, a decrease in the concentration of urea in comparison with healthy animals were determined. Also, among the indicators of mineral metabolism, a decrease in the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the serum was found in young infected dogs. Among the changes in the enzyme metabolism in the serum of infected dogs, there was an increase in the activity of all studied enzymes in animals of both research groups: ALT, AST, α-amylase, GGT and ALP. Thus, co-infection with nematodes T. vulpis + T. canis has a complex pathogenic effect on the body of dogs of all ages, which manifested itself in multiple changes in haematological parameters. In the future, the authors’ team plan to develop comprehensive measures to combat nematode infections in different living conditions of dogs, taking into account the results of the current research.
Over the past decades, the number of dogs and cats has increased significantly on the territory of Ukraine. At each step, animals are in danger of non-contagious and contagious etiology. Parasitic diseases are almost half of the entire contagious pathologies of small animals. Number of invasive diseases depends on the following factors: season, age, sex, breeding features and also implementation and control of preventive measures against helminthiasis. Therefore, our research is to study thefeatures of distribution, seasonality, species composition and extensiveness of invasion of dog gelminthias on the territory of Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region. The helminthocoproovoscopy research was carried out with a combined method standardized by G.O. Kotelnikov and V.M . Khrenov. The result of the study of faeces tests showed the problems of Bila Tserkva district with nematodoses and cestodoses of dogs. Regarding the species composition of the helminths we found, the helminths of the Nematoda class had a significant advantage: T. vulpis, T. canis, T. leonina, A. caninum, C. plica, U. stenocephala; among Cestoda class helminths, only D. caninum was diagnosed. Diagnosed pathogens of helminthiasis in dogs were mono- and myxinvasions. The research of seasonal dynamics of dog helminthosis revealed a high prevalence throughout the year. In summer, the helminthic prevalence of dogs reached the maximum index. In autumn, the intensity decrease. In winter, we received the minimum EI. In spring, the number of ill animals was increased. The species composition recorded by us in the spring was presented: T. vulpis and T. canis, both mono- and myxinvasion. In summer, T. vulpis, T. canis, C. plica, A. caninum, U. stenocephala. In winter, T. vulpis and T. canis dominate again. A feature of the autumn season for helminthiasis in dogs was the predominance of T. vulpis over other species of nematodes and cestodes in dogs. Regarding the age, sex and breed characteristics of the dog, the following results were obtained. The most comfortable were animals aged from birth to 7 years. Sex of animals (female, male), as shown by the results of our study, without affecting the infestation of helminthic infestations of dogs. As follows from the analysis of the results of helminthological studies, more susceptible are animals of the German Shepherd, Dachshund, Russian Spaniel breeds. Key words: epizootology, seasonality, dogs, helminthiasis, trichurosis, toxocariasis, intestinal strongylates, coproovoscopic studies, extensiveness of invasion.
Mixed gastrointestinal helminthoses, which combines Toxocara canis, Trichuris (T.) vulpis, Toxascaris leoninа, Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum, and Dipylidium caninum in various combinations, are very common pets’ problems worldwide. It is unlikely necessary to choose between 100 % efficiency and for the patient’s body to heal the infected animals safely. The present work aims to develop an affordable scheme for adult dogs’ deworming, which will create a minimum load on the body due to the low drugs’ toxicity. Mixed breed dogs, 1—5 years old, representing both sexes, spontaneously infected with T. vulpis (100 % prevalence) in combination with other gastrointestinal helminths (from 12.7 to 45.1 %) were selected for study. Regimens combining Caniquantel® Plus (fenbendazole + praziquantel) and fenbendazole with a 24-hour interval were tested. After a single treatment of experimental animals with Caniquantel® Plus, no helminth eggs were detected in their faeces after three days, except for T. vulpis. Seven days after the start of the experiment, the intensity of infection of this nematode decreased by only 22.0 % (P < 0.001). Bodies and fragments of dead helminths were found in faeces 1—4 days after de-worming, with T. vulpis isolated only in 2 days in small quantities (4.54 ± 0.21 specimens per 100 g of faeces). Two-stage deworming with Caniquantel® Plus and fenbendazole after 24 hours resulted in 100 % efficiency against eggs of all parasites after five days. Helminths’ bodies stopped excreting after four days, and T. vulpis was detected within three days in substantive quantities (from 10.03 ± 0.45 to 36.8 ± 1.2 specimens per 100 g of faeces).
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