Kurniawan A, Wibawa IPAH, Adjie B (2011) Species diversity of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in Bali and Lombok with attention to genetic study in A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) . Amorphophallus belongs to Araceae family that consists of more than 170 species worldwide and distributed predominantly in tropical countries, especially in Asia and Africa. The study of Amorphophallus in Bali and Lombok Islands had been conducted to reveal its diversity. Genetic study was also conducted among Amorphophallus paeoniifolius species to recognize the variation within the species. The fieldworks showed three species Amorphophallus distributed in Bali, notably A. muelleri Blume, A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, A. variabilis Blume and two species in Lombok, notably A. muelleri and A. paeoniifolius. Var. hortensis and var. sylvestris were two varieties of A. paeoniifolius that commonly found either in Bali or in Lombok. Genetic study on A. paeoniifolius indicated that there was no genetic variation in cpDNA region of trnL-F IGS within the species.
An invasive Piper aduncum is a plant species that potentially produces essential oil. The study aims todetermine the percentage, phytochemical compounds, and anti-fungal properties of essential oil producedfrom the leaves and fruits of Piper aduncum. The study showed that the leaves and fruits of P. aduncumcontain 0.30% and 0.33% of essential oil, respectively. Apiol is the most abundant phytochemical compoundobtained in essential oil of leaves and fruits of P. aduncum with 57.10% and 66.31%, respectively. Weconclude that essential oil obtained in this study is able to inhibit the growth of both Aspergillus niger andCladosporium sp. but not for Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani.
Citarum watershed is a region of approximately 6,610 km2 in West Java, Indonesia. Citarum watershed has been degraded through historical land use and vegetation clearing. Rehabilitation of Citarum watershed uses Indigofera tinctoria L. that has value as a source of natural blue dye and is considered suitable for the region. Species distribution modelling and Habitat suitability index (SDM/HSI) were undertaken for I. tinctoria. The occurrence and environment data (bioclimatic, topography, and soil type) were input to HSI. Results of the Indigofera tinctoria habitat suitability model in Citarum watershed are very good (0.9–1) for some parts of the Citarum watershed. The medium and high suitability areas were respectively 4.49% and 4.37% of the area were located in the lowlands (Bekasi Regency and Karawang Regency). Prediction based on climate modelling for 2050 and 2070 estimated that the medium-high suitability area of Indigofera tinctoria will be reduced relative to the present.
Begonia adalah salah satu marga besar dalam kelompok Angiospermae yang memiliki kekhasan karakter daun asimetris. Keistimewaan Begonia terutama terletak pada daunnya yang indah, menjadikannya sangat cocok dijadikan tanaman hias. Perbanyakan Begonia dapat dilakukan dengan cara generatif dan vegetatif. Perbanyakan secara vegetatif adalah cara perbanyakan tanaman dengan menggunakan bagian dari tanaman seperti daun, batang, cabang dan akar. Keberhasilan kegiatan penyetekan pada tumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, yaitu jenis setek dan faktor lingkungan termasuk kelembaban temperatur dan cahaya serta nutrisi dari media tanam. Kualitas media tanam dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan pupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa jenis pupuk cair, serta cara perlakuannya terhadap pertumbuhan stek daun B. glabra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan POC/R berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecepatan tumbuhnya tunas dan tinggi tanaman. Perlakuan POC/R menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik, yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya. Semua perlakuan pupuk berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan tumbuhnya tunas, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter panjang akar. Perbedaan jenis pupuk cair dan cara perlakuannya memberikan hasil yang berbeda pula.
Minyak atsiri, atau yang juga popular dengan nama essential oil, sangat terkenal dengan ciri khas aromatik yang kuat. Manfaatnya pun juga sangat banyak, mulai dari antiseptik, analgesik, antidepresi, hingga antijamur. Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan jika minyak yang bersifat volatil ini umum digunakan di berbagai bidang industri dan telah menjadi komoditas yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Pada tahun 2014–2015, tim khusus dari Kebun Raya “Eka Karya” Bali telah melakukan eksplorasi ke Gunung Batulanteh di Kabupaten Sumbawa dan Desa Sembalun di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Melalui eksplorasi tersebut, ratusan aksesi tumbuhan berpotensi penghasil minyak atsiri berhasil dikoleksi. Buku ini merangkum sekaligus mendokumentasikan data-data ilmiah terkait tumbuhan tersebut. Berbeda dengan terbitan lain yang sejenis, buku ini memiliki keunggulan dalam menyajikan informasi ilmiah yang komprehensif, mulai dari deskripsi botani, kandungan senyawa kimia tumbuhan, proses penyulingan, hingga pengembangannya. Buku ini sangat cocok untuk dibaca berbagai kalangan, seperti peneliti, dosen, mahasiswa, serta praktisi dan penghobi minyak atsiri.
Tebu ireng (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan jenis tebu lokal yang memiliki ciri khusus yaitu warna batangnya yang hitam.Secara tradisional tebu ireng dimanfaatkan sebagai obat penyakit diabetes.Selain dapat dimanfaatkan secara tradisional sebagai obat diabetes, diyakini tebu ireng masih banyak menyimpan manfaat lain yang belum banyak diketahui. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak tebu ireng sebagai antioksidan dan antimikroba, ditinjau dari beberapa bagian tanamannya. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut methanol, uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH free radical scavenger menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tebu ireng memiliki kemampuan sebagai antiokidan.Tingkat kepekatan warna dari tebu ireng berkorelasi dengan aktifitas antiokidannya.Ekstrak dari keseluruhan bagian tanaman tebu ireng efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Streptococcus mutans, namun tidak efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans.Tebu ireng mengandung pigmen Antosianinserta kaya akan serat pangan .
Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. (Bayur) is a species belongs to the Pterospermum genera (Malvaceae). Several species of Pterospermum had been reported for their ethnobotanical usage, but the studies about ethnobotany information of Bayur and its secondary metabolite compounds were still limited which have been published. This study aimed to observe the ethnobotanical usage of Bayur and to examine the phytochemical contents of the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok. The ethnobotany information of Bayur was obtained through interviews with local people and more information on the ethnobotanical records of P. javanicum (Bayur) was conducted by reviewing the scientific literature. The chemical compounds of Bayur flower were analysed by the GC-MS method. The results revealed that Bayur was used by the Sasak community around Gunung Rinjani National Park West Lombok for various purposes, such as traditional medicines, beverages, rigging, and building material. The phytochemical analysis showed that the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok contained 38 identified chemical components, representing 93.78% of the total compounds. The major contents of them were Lupeyl acetate (10.68%), p-n-Amylphenol (8.16%), Lauric acid (7.31%), N-(Methyl-d2)- Aniline (5,82%), and Pentanal (5.07%). This report was the first publication about the phytochemical contents of Bayur flower. It is expected that this study gives further information on the potentials of Bayur, especially about its secondary metabolite to support and prove the truth of the cultural concept of society in utilizing Bayur as a medicinal plant.
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