This study was conducted to investigate the effects of explant source and hormone concentrations on the callogenesis, calli growth, plantlet regeneration and rooting of a local tomato variety (Lycopersicon esculentum mill. variety 'Thilina'). Different combinations of Benzyl Adenine (BAP) and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) were used with hypocotyl, leaf and root explants in a completely randomized design with five replicates to evaluate the success in plantlet regeneration. Regenerated healthy shoots sub cultured in to MS medium with various concentrations of Indole-3-butric acid (IBA) for rooting. After one month the weight of fresh callus, number of regenerated shoots and roots were evaluated. Anova (DMRT) test shows there were significant effects at p<0.05 level. Combination of BAP (0.1mgl-1) with 2.4-D (2.0mgl-1) and hypocotyl explant produced the best quality fresh callus in highest weight. The best hormonal combination for shoot regeneration (4 shoots/explant) was 0.1mgl-1 NAA and 0.5mgl-1 Kinetin from callus. Maximum direct regeneration was observed on MS medium containing 0.5mgl-1 Kinetin, 2.0mgl-1 BAP, 0.1mgl-1 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 100mgl-1 my-inositol within 15-20 days (4 shoots/explant). Leaf bud revealed to be better explants for direct regeneration. Highest root number per plantlet was observed with 2.0mgl-1 IBA.
Radish (Raphanus sativus L., Brassicaceae) is an edible root crop cultivated all over Sri Lanka. So a few attempts have been made in Sri Lanka to improve crop for higher yield and wider adaptability. Therefore the present study was carried out to improve the Radish (Raphanus sativus L.); variety Beeralu through colchine. Petiole explants from in vitro regenerated plants were used to induce tetraploid by colchine chemical. The different concentrations of colchicine 0, 30, 60 and 120mglwere used. After 30 days interval colchicine treated petiole explants were transferred to the MS medium with 2.5mgl -1 BAP concentration without colchicine. Then effects of different time durations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days) were examined using petiole explants in selected best colchine concentration (60mgl -1 ) from the above trial. Cell samples of the root tips were used to identify chromosomes and stomata were observed from epidermal layer of leaves under a microscope (Axio Lab A1) and photos were taken with the associated apparatus to confirm ploidy level. Experiments were arranged according to a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates and repeated four times with minimum of four replicates. Roots were induced MS medium with 0.25mgl -1 IBA. Highest percentage (25.27%) of tetraploid plantlets induction obtained from MS basal medium treated with 60mgl -1 colchicine for 20 days. Highest stomata length and width (467.54µm, 395.75µm) was observed from tetraploid plantlets while lowest leaf length (25.11cm), lowest root length(16.67cm) and highest leaf width (7.12cm) were reordered in acclimatized tetraploid plants.
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