ВведениеВ настоящее время практически весь мировой объем ферроникеля производится путем электро-плавки предварительно прокаленной руды [1][2][3]. Процесс не требует предварительного окускования шихты, пригоден для руд с различным содержани-ем тугоплавких шлакообразующих компонентов, обеспечивает получение пригодного для рафини-рования чернового металла. Выплавку феррони-келя обычно ведут в круглых рудно-термических электропечах переменного тока мощностью 20-100 МВ ·А с графитизированными электродами при -докт. техн. наук, директор ИМЕТ УрО РАН (620016, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101). Тел.: (343) 267-91-24. E-mail: admin@imet.mplik Разработаны базовые принципы подбора составов шихты и продуктов переработки в зависимости от состава исходной руды и требуемого состава ферроникеля. Основными технологическими параметрами плавки являются: температура га-зов под сводом -1000-1100 °С, разрежение -0,5-1,5 Па. Обоснована технология переработки окисленной никелевой руды с получением 20 %-ного ферроникеля (по ISO 6501:1988) с использованием рудно-термической печи постоянного тока. Достоинства этого процесса заключаются в получении металла с высоким содержанием никеля, повышении извлечения в сплав ценных элементов и возможности переработки тонких и пылевидных материалов.Ключевые слова: окисленная никелевая руда, состав руды и шлака, температура плавления шлака, ферроникель, рудно-термическая печь постоянного тока.Base principles of selecting compositions of the charge and processing products depending on the initial ore composition and required ferronickel composition are developed. Main production parameters of smelting are the gas temperature under the roof of 1000-1100 °C and rarefaction of 0,5-1,5 Pa. The processing technology of the oxidized nickel ore with the acquisition of 20 % ferronickel (according to ISO 6501:1988) using the dc ore-thermal furnace is substantiated. The advantage of this process is in the fabrication of metal with a high nickel content, an increase in recovery of valuable components into the alloy, and processing fine and dust-like materials.Keywords: oxidized nickel ore, ore and slag composition, melting point of slag, ferronickel, dc ore-thermal furnace.расходе электроэнергии 800-850 кВт ·ч на 1 т сухой руды и удельном проплаве 3,5-14,0 т/(м 2 ·сут) [2][3][4][5].
With the aim of improving the technology of co-processing of red mud (RM) and oily mill scale free (OMS) using co-temporal methods and apparatus, including using equipment of the center «Ural-M», studied the physico-chemical properties of industrial wastes. The main components of RM are: Fe (35.7%) in the form of hematite and complex hydroalumination, Ca (11.0%) in the form of calcite and hydro-aluminosilicates, Al (6.8%) and Si (4.7%) in the composition of hydroalumination, Na (2.8%) in the form of hydroalumination, carbonate and hydroxide, Ti (2.5%) in the form of rutile. The sludge moisture content was 11.9%. The main components of the OMS are: Fe (71%) in the form of magnetite, wustite and hematite with a very small amount of fayalite. The contents of Si (in the form of quartz), Al and P (non-forming phases) are within 1-3%. Humidity OMS – 16.3%, the content of indelible organic matter – 4.0%. Granulometric composition of RM is characterized by high dispersion. With an average diameter of 1.6 µm, all particle sizes are in the range of 0.5-12 µm. Granulometric composition of OMS is characterized by complexity. With an average diameter of 8.6 µm, maxima of 0.9 µm and 15 µm and a minimum of about 1.2 µm are observed in the particle size distribution. The specific surface area of the materials is equal to RM 23.7 m2/g, and OMS – 1.9 m2/g. The change of waste properties after exposure to aqueous solutions of alkalis and acids neutralizing the effect of organic (OMS) and alkaline (RM) surface compounds was studied. Neutralization of aqueous sus¬pension with HCl solution leads to removal of alkaline film from the surface. As a result of the impact of reagents, there is a decrease in the content of water-soluble components in the processing products. At the same time, the average particle sizes of RM and OMS increase to 2 and 14 µm, respectively, and the specific surface area to 25.7 and 2.3 m2/g. The distribution of particle size of RM is almost constant, and the OMS is approximately 5 and 10% of the smoothed maximum and minimum in the area of at least 0.5 and 15 µm.
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