Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of personality traits, emotional disorders and adaptation of elderly men and women in the early stages of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI).Material and methods. We examined 120 patients with early manifestations of CBI – 48 men and 72 women (mean age is, respectively, 64.3 ± 0.5 and 65.0 ± 0.6 years). The study of personality traits was carried out using the method of multifactorial personality research of R. Kettell. Emotional disorders were identified according to ICD-X criteria, insomnia according to ICDS‑2 criteria. The level of general asthenia was assessed according to the MFI‑20 scale, anxiety according to the Spielberger scale, depression according to the Beck questionnaire, the quality of sleep according to the questionnaire of the Federal Somnological Centre. The type of adaptive reactions was determined in the leukocyte blood count by the percentage of lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils, taking into account the representation of other blood cells.Results. Emotional and insomnia disorders predominated among women with CCI. Female patients were characterized by higher levels of excitation, tension and anxiety compared to men. Male patients were superior to women in terms of emotional balance. According to the analysis of leukograms, unfavorable adaptive reactions (overactivation and chronic stress) were significantly more frequent in women and correlated with a high level of anxiety and depression. The findings may have implications for the individualization of therapeutic interventions.
The aim of the study. To study clinical, psychological and neuroimaging characteristics of chronic tension headache (CTH) in the elderly.Materials and methods. 92 patients with CHTHN (37 men and 55 women aged 55–74 years) were examined. The control group consisted of 53 people (22 men and 31 women of the same age) who did not have neurological complaints, including headache. Pain intensity was assessed on a 10-point visual analogue scale. The severity of neurological symptoms was determined using the NIH-NINDS scale. For the study of cognitive functions, a short scale for assessing mental status was used Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a frontal assessment battery (FAB). Memory was assessed according to the results of the memory subtest MMSE and the 10 words test. The level of attention was studied using the Schulte table, speech fluency – in the «fluency of speech» subtest of the FAB and in the test of verbal associations, visuospatial functions were assessed using the clock drawing test. Memory was assessed by the results of the subtest of memory MMSE and the 10-words test. The level of attention was studied using the Schulte table, the fluency of speech – in the subtest ‘fluency of speech’ FAB and in the verbal association test, visuospatial functions were assessed using the clock drawing test. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed on a Magnetom Impact Expert (Siemens, Germany) tomograph with a magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla in T1 and T2 modes. The localization and severity of leukoaraiosis, signs of external and internal atrophy of the brain were determined, the linear dimensions of the anterior horns and central sections of the bodies of the lateral ventricles were measured, and the indices of the anterior horns and bodies of the lateral ventricles were calculated.Results. Patients with chronic tension headache were characterized by clinical and cognitive heterogeneity: frequent «non-standard» characteristics of headache, severe polymorphism of algic manifestations, high frequency of comorbid disorders, cognitive dysfunction and somatic burden, high representation of leukoaraiosis, external and internal hydrocephalus according to MRI study.
The aim of the study. To study the peculiarities of responding to stress, the stress resistance and adaptation of older men and women with chronic brain ischemia, as well as the stressboard effect of Mexidol.Material and methods. 124 patients aged 60–74 years old are surveyed: 72 men and 52 women (average age, respectively, 65.3 ± 0.4 and 64.7 ± 0.7 years) with Chronic Brain Ischemia I–II stage against the background of arterial hypertension and its combinations with atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels. The level of psychosocial stress was determined on the Holmes-Ray scale. Features of the response of patients to stress was studied using the methodology Scale of Psychological Stress PSM-25 and S. Rogenzweig. Stress resistance was investigated using S. Kuhlen's stress resistance self-resistant test and Villianson. The level of anxiety was determined using a scale of Ch.D. Spilberger and Yu.L. Khanin, depressed – backup questionnaire. The type of adaptation reactions was studied in the leukocyte blood formula on the percentage ratio of lymphocytes and segmented neutrophils, taking into account the representation of other formed elements.Results. The level of stress in older women with Chronic Brain Ischemia was higher than in men. The predominance of the intrinsic orientation of the reaction to stress and resolving the type of response to men, and the extrapunitive or self-defense type among women, which may indicate the largerness of the latter. The level of stress resistance was lower in women than in men, which correlated with higher indicators of situational anxiety. Adverse adaptation reactions were more often registered in women than in men. The course of treatment with Mexidol of elderly patients with chemical leads to a decrease in the severity of subjective and objective symptoms, alarming disorders, increases the stress resistance and adaptive capabilities of the body, which is confrmed by an increase in the number of persons with favorable adaptation reactions. The high effciency and safety of sequential therapy with Mexidol (injections, then the tableted form of Mexidol Forte 250) is shown.
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