BackgroundDengue virus (DENV) infection is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Indonesia. Diagnostic inaccuracy may occur due to its varied and non-specific presentation. Characterization of DENV epidemiology, clinical presentation, and virology will facilitate appropriate clinical management and public health policy.Methodology/Principal findingsA multicenter observational cohort study was conducted in Indonesia to assess causes of acute fever requiring hospitalization. Clinical information and specimens were collected at enrollment, 14–28 days, and 3 months from 1,486 children and adults. Total of 468 (31.9%) cases of DENV infection were confirmed by reference laboratory assays. Of these, 414 (88.5%) were accurately diagnosed and 54 had been misdiagnosed as another infection by sites. One hundred initially suspected dengue cases were finally classified as ‘non-dengue’; other pathogens were identified in 58 of those cases. Mortality of DENV infection was low (0.6%). Prior DENV exposure was found in 92.3% of subjects >12 years. DENV circulated year-round in all cities, with higher incidence from January to March. DENV-3 and DENV-1 were the predominant serotypes. This study identified DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site, leading to failure of serotype determination.Conclusions/SignificanceDENV is a common etiology of acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization since misdiagnosis of DENV infection and over-estimation of dengue can negatively impact management and outcomes. Mutation at the annealing site of the serotyping primer may confound diagnosis. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing. Policy-makers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV.
Latar belakang. Sepsis dan klasifikasinya merupakan kondisi yang mengancam nyawa dengan angka kematian mendekati 10% dari seluruh pasien dengan sepsis dan syok septik Angka kematian ini akan meningkat pada anak dengan minimal satu penyakit komorbid yang menyertai dan mendekati angka 76% berdasarkan jumlah organ yang mengalami disfungsi. Sampai saat ini belum ada data pasti yang menunjukan prevalensi dan karakteristik pasien dengan sepsis di Unit Perawatan Intensif (UPIA) Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah Denpasar.Tujuan. Mengetahu prevalensi serta karakteristik pasien dengan sepsis pada pasien anak berusia 0-18 tahun di Unit Perawatan Intensif (UPIA) Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2018.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medis RSUP Sanglah yang dikumpulkan meggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.Hasil. Penelitian ini sudah berjalan selama 1 tahun dari bulan Januari 2018 sampai dengan Desember 2018. Sampel yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 28 sampel. Kategori usia bayi tertinggi merupakan sampel yang digunakan, yaitu sebesar 57,1%. Diagnosis terbanyak adalah syok sepsis sebesar 60,7%. Skor pediatric sequential failure assesment (pSOFA) didapatkan dengan rerata sebesar 5,94.Kesimpulan. Prevalensi sepsis di UPIA Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar pada tahun 2018 didominasi oleh pasien dengan kategori usia bayi (<2 tahun).
Background: Sepsis in children could significantly increase the morbidity and mortality rates particularly in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Moreover, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is continuously increasing around the world mainly caused by uncontrolled used of antibiotic. Henceforth, this study aimed to determine the relationship between bacterial type and the resistance with clinical outcome of sepsis patients in PICU.Methods: An observational analytic retrospective cohort study using medical record data from January 2015-April 2017 was conducted. All subjects were sepsis patients with positive blood cultures treated at PICU Sanglah Hospital. Factors related to mortality and relative risk (RR) were analyzed using Chi-Square Test with a significance value of p <0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: 75 subjects met the inclusion criteria, but only 63 subjects with complete data were enrolled. The gram-negative and MDR bacteria types were detected in 31 (49%) subjects and 33 (52.4%) subjects respectively. The number of deaths was 29 (46%). The most common types of gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%) followed by gram-positive Staphylococcus hominis (25%). The most common multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria were Staphylococcus hominis. The presence of MDR bacteria significantly increase the mortality (p = 0.015, RR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.096-3.725), whereas gram-negative had no significant mortality impact (p = 0.891: RR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.564- 1.645). Compared to non-MDR bacteria, most MDR related mortality occurred during the first 10 days.Conclusion: MDR bacteria significantly increased the mortality rates in pediatric patient treated in PICU compared to non-MDR ones.Â
Latar belakang.Demam tanpa penyebab yang jelas cukup sering kita jumpai dalam praktek sehari-hari. Penentuan penyebab pasti dengan biakan memerlukan waktu yang lama. Di lain pihak kita harus menentukan sesegera mungkin apakah demam ini disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri atau tidak sehingga dapat segera mengambil keputusan pemberian antibiotikTujuan. Mencari pemeriksaan sederhana dan cepat untuk dapat dipakai sebagai pegangan menentukan infeksi bakteri.Metode.Penelitian uji diagnostik dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dengan mengambil data secara retrospektif dari catatan medis tahun 2006 sampai dengan tahun 2008 (bulan Oktober). Data ditabulasi dicari nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif, rasio kemungkinan positif, rasio kemungkinan negatif dari CRP(C reactive protein), ANC (absolute neutrophil count =nilai neutrofil total),dan suhu, baik variabel tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan menggunakan baku emas biakan darah.Hasil.Jumlah kasus demam yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya didapatkan 138 dengan 39 (28,3 %) kasus yang memiliki data lengkap. Biakan positif didapatkan pada 26 kasus (prevalensi 66,6%). Umur ratarata subjek 3,5 tahun (umur termuda 2 bulan dan tertua 13 tahun), dan rerata suhu 38,80C. Sensitivitas pemeriksaan CRP, leukosit, ANC dan suhu didapatkan antara 42% sampai 65%. Spesifisitas didapatkan antara 46% sampai dengan 54%. Sensitivitas pemeriksaan kombinasi 15,4%. Spesifisitas pemeriksaan kombinasi antara 70% sampai 85%.Kesimpulan.Nilai CRP, leukosit, ANC dan suhu tidak bisa dipakai sebagai prediktor infeksi bakteri pada anak dengan demam yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya.
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