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The chemical fingerprinting of a plant demands the determination of a large number of elements at background level but also in polluted regions and in relation to other species. The most important stages of the development of plant fingerprints are mentioned in this paper and a short survey of the state of the art is presented. Examples on fingerprinting of lichens, mosses, Taraxacum officinale and Populus nigra 'Italica' are presented.

A comparative evaluation of the applicability of different radionuclide sources for the determination of toxic elements in plants by ED-XRF is presented. 23Spu or l~ are suggested as most suitable single excitation sources in ED-XRF for monitoring investigations. More elements are determined with a combination of 55Fe/l~The results obtained by radionuclide ED-XRF analysis of different plants show that the method permits the reliable determination of Br, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Rb, Sr and Zn in plant bioindicators. For toxic elements like As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Se and Pb the detection limits of the method are not low enough.

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