Chemical and lead isotope compositions of lead artefacts from ancient Thracia (Bulgaria)

Kuleff, I.; Iliev, I.; Pernicka, Ernst; Gergova, Diana

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2006.04.003

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Kuleff et al (2006) even report a lead anchor from the Euxine exceeding 2 wt.% Bi. However, most archaeological lead artefacts are below 100 ppm and very often below 10e20 ppm Bi, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…All Roman lead ingots analysed by Baron and Cochet (2003) are likewise below 10 ppm Bi. Eventually, despite some very rich artefacts, most objects reported by Kuleff et al (1995Kuleff et al ( , 2006) have a very low Bi content (<20 ppm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Regarding lead artefacts, very high Bi concentrations ranging from several hundred ppm up to a few thousand ppm are observed in Egyptian net sinkers (Rehren and Prange, 1998) and in diverse material coming from ancient Thrace and from the Black Sea (Kuleff et al, 1995(Kuleff et al, , 2006. Kuleff et al (2006) even report a lead anchor from the Euxine exceeding 2 wt.% Bi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Regarding this last point, L'H eritier and Tereygeol (2010) state that Bi content is ten to thirty times lower in lead resmelted from litharge collected during cupellation than in the initial leadesilver bullion. There is however no further interpretation of Bi content in ancient artefacts: this point has never been fully discussed and Bi is usually only considered as an ore source tracer (Cuzange and Texier, 2000;Baron and Cochet, 2003;Kuleff et al, 2006;Forel et al, 2010) despite all issues linked to ore or metal mixing and remelting (e.g. Anguilano et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Bismuth behaviour during ancient processes of silver–lead production

L'Héritier

Baron

Cassayre

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

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International audienceBismuth is one of the main trace elements found in archaeological lead and silver material in very variable contents. As silver refining by cupellation involves the redistribution of some trace elements contained in the initial lead bullion into the litharge and silver phases, an interdisciplinary approach has been carried out to understand the behaviour of bismuth during this process. Twenty-eight fire-assays were processed with seven different Pb–Bi–Ag alloys of various Bi content. A chemical characterization of all products was carried out. Parallel to the experiments, a thermodynamic approach was undertaken. The combination of experiments and modelling shows that the Bi/Pb ratio can be used as a tracer in silver material throughout the whole cupellation process. Bi and Ag contents in metallic lead might as well highlight the metallurgical process used to obtain lead. High Bi contents in silver–lead bullions are shown to notably reduce the silver extraction yield

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“…Kuleff et al (2006) even report a lead anchor from the Euxine exceeding 2 wt.% Bi. However, most archaeological lead artefacts are below 100 ppm and very often below 10e20 ppm Bi, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bismuth behaviour during ancient processes of silver–lead production

L'Héritier

Baron

Cassayre

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Instead we completed the pilot study started by Skaggs in 2007 in an attempt to focus on the curse tablets that were most likely from Tunisian ore sources. Other researchers have attempted to use trace element concentrations to match lead artifacts to lead sources with varying success (Kuleff et al, 2006;Wyttenbach and Schubiger, 1973). These studies have usually combined the trace elements concentrations detected with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) with the lead isotope analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%