This study compares the susceptibility of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to Fusarium head blight (FHB) and accumulation of mycotoxins in kernels and chaff under different climatic conditions in two locations-Cerekwica near Poznan (Central West Poland) and Sitaniec, near Zamosc, Lublin region (South East Poland). Very high variations were found in the concentrations of mycotoxins (zearalenone, ZEA; nivalenol, NIV; deoxynivalenol, DON; moniliformin, MON) in examined fractions: Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and healthy looking kernels (HLK) and in chaff for individual cultivars in both locations. In most cases, significantly higher concentrations of investigated toxins were recorded in wheat from the area of Lublin than from Poznan (p < 0.05). The highest Fusarium infection rates and mycotoxin biosynthesis levels were observed in the Lublin location, with the percentage of the FDK fraction ranging 8.1-81.6. In this region, ZEA concentration (microg g(-1)) after inoculation with F. culmorum and F. graminearum ranged from 0.02-0.48 and 0.32-1.04, respectively. In the Poznan area, the toxin concentrations were considerably lower, ranging 0.01-0.10 and 0.03-0.13 microg g(-1) for both isolates, respectively. The concentration of DON was significantly higher than ZEA or NIV levels. The levels of MON accumulation (microg g(-1)) in the FDK fraction were between 0.14 and 1.73 (Poznan area) and ND (not detected) to 2.51 (Lublin area). F. avenaceum infection rate ranged 7-35% in samples where the toxin was detected.
No abstract
The effects of Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium culmorum on the reduction in yield components, after independent inoculation of 14 winter wheat cultivars, were investigated. Single isolates of F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were independently used in inoculations of winter wheat heads. Reductions in the following yield traits: 1000‐kernel weight (TKW), the weight (WKH) and number (NKH) of kernels per head after inoculation were analysed statistically. The results indicate differences between both pathogens in their effects on yield traits. The statistical calculations were performed using analysis of variance (a three‐factor experiment) for particular yield trait reductions and multivariate analysis of variance for the yield trait reductions jointly. Almost all of the univariate and multivariate hypotheses concerning no differences between pathogens (F. culmorum, F. avenaceum), climatic conditions (years) and cultivars as well as hypotheses concerning no interactions between factors (pathogens, years, cultivars) were rejected at least at P= 0.05 significance level. The reduction of yield traits indicated individual reactions of the tested winter wheat cultivars to different pathogens. Among the tested traits the highest influence on the rejection of the hypothesis concerning the equivalence of F. avenaceum and F. culmorum was observed for TKW and WKH. The effect of the pathogen on yield reduction was greater for F. avenaceum than for F. culmorum during 1996 and 1997. A comparison of the cultivars indicated that the Begra cultivar showed the highest tolerance to inoculation with both Fusarium pathogens. Moreover, this genotype as well as several others showed lower tolerance to F. avenaceum rather than to F. culmorum, whereas Elena was the only cultivar with the opposite tendency.
Heads of 12 barley genotypes (8 eultivars and 4 lines) were inoculated with conidial suspension of the following single isolates; F. cutmorum no. 3. f. graminearum no. 122 and F. sporotrichioides no. ATCC 62 360. The number of kernels per head, 1000 kernel weight and yield have been calculated for each genotype. Seed samples collected at harvest were analysed for several trichothecene mycotoxins and zearalenone. The mycotoxin concentrations (mg,kg) in barley kernels inoculated with F. graminearum were as follows: deoxynivaleno] (DON) 0.1 to 5.4 (av. 2.3). 3-aeetyldeoxy-nivalenol (3-AcDON) 0.0-0.2 (av. 0.1), 15aeetyldeoxynivaienol (IS-AcDON) 0.CM).7 (av. 0.2), nivalenol (NFV) 0.0-0.8 (av. 0.3). zearalenone (ZEA) O.O-O.l (av. 0.0): F. culmorum: DON 0.6 to )2.0 (av. 5.3), 3-AcDON 0.1 to 1.0 (av. 0.6), 15-AcDON nd, NIV 0.1-0.7 (av. 0.3), ZEA 0.1-0.5 (av. 0.2). F. .sporotrichioides 7-2 toxin 2.4-J3.9 (av. 6.0), HT-2-toxin 0.1-0.8 (av. 0.3) and neosolaniol 0.2-1.5 (av. 0.7). Zusannnenfassiing Anfalligkeit von Gerstensorten-und -liiiien gegenttber einer Fusariiiniliifektion sowie der Mykotoxinakkumulation in den KornernDie Ahren von 12 Gerstegenotypen (8 Sorten und 4 Litiien) wurden mit Konidiensuspensionen folgetider Fusariumisolate einzeln inokuliert: F. colmorum Nr. 3. F. graminearum Nr. 122 sowie F. sporotrichioides ATCC 62 360. Die Anzahl der Komer pro Ahre, das 1 000 Korngewicht und der Ertrag wurde fur alie Genotypen ermittelt. Kornerproben wurden zur Zeit der Ernte gesammelt und auf das Vorhandensien von einigen Trichothecentnykotoxinen sowie Zearalenon untersucht.Die Mykotoxingehalte (mg./kg) in den Gerstenkornern, die mit F. graminearum inokuliert worden waren, lagen bei: Deoxynivalenol (DON) 0,1-5,4 (O 2,3), 3-AcetyldeOKy-nivalenol (3-AcDON) 0,0-0,2 (O 0,1), i 5-Acetyldeoxy-nivalenol (I5-AcDON) 0,0-0,7 (O 0,2), Nivalenol (NIV) 0,0-0,8 (O 0,3) und Zearalenon (ZEA) 0,0-0,1 (O 0,0): nach einer Inokulation mit F. culmorum: DON 0,6-12,0 (O 5,3), 3-AcDON 0,1-1,0 (O 0,6), 15-AcDON nd, NIV 0,1-0,7 (O 0,3) und ZEA 0,1-0,5 (O 0,2), Nach einer Inokulation mit F. sporotrichioides konnte T-2 Toxin 2,4-13,9 (O 0,6), HT-Toxin 0,1-0,8 (O 0,3) und Neosolaniol 0,2-1,5 (O 0,7) nachgewiesen werden.
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