Combining intelligent and active packaging serves the dual purpose of detecting color changes in food that reflect changes in its quality and prolonging its shelf life. This study developed an intelligent and active packaging system made from the cellulose of Acetobacter xylinum and assessed its ability to detect changes in the quality and to increase shelf-life of packaged fresh beef. The properties of the intelligent packaging’s sensor and active packaging films were determined. The application of this system to fresh beef stored at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C) for 24 h was tested. The color of the bromothymol blue (BTB) solution (pH 2.75) in the indicator of the intelligent packaging system changed from orange to dark green to indicate that beef quality changed from fresh to rotten. The meat treated with the active packaging with 10% and 15% garlic extract decayed on the 16th h. In contrast, the meat treated with the active packaging without the garlic extracts rotted on the 12th h. The shift in the indicator’s color was linearly related to the total plate count (TPC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and pH of the meat packaged using the active packaging system. Therefore, BTB solution (pH 2.75) can be used as an intelligent packaging indicator that will allow consumers to assess the quality of packaged meat easily. As an antimicrobial agent, the addition of 10–15% garlic extract to the active packaging films can help delay the spoilage of packaged beef.
The study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera L. leaf extract againts the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. This study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health Polytechnic Makassar, South Sulawesi. Three different concentrations of Moringa leaf extract were used, namely 2% b/v, 4% b/v and 8% b/v which were tested on S. epidermidis bacteria using the paper disk diffusion method. The results showed that Moringa oleifera L. extract could inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis by showing the inhibition zone around the extract. The biggest inhibition zone at a concentration of 8% b/v was 14 mm, for a concentration of 4% b/v was 10.8 mm and the smallest zone at a concentration of 2% b/v was 9.3 mm.
Excessive use of petroleum-based plastic packaging impacts environmental damage, so the development of biodegradable food packaging can be the solution. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is an exopolysaccharide synthesized by several bacteria from the Acetobacteraceae family, which has the advantage of being a material in the blinding of biodegradable packaging films because of the high level of purity compared to cellulose from plants. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential for the development of BC as a primary material for producing biodegradable packaging films and expanding its application through the incorporation of oxygen scavenging agents to increase the dual function of food packaging. This study is expected to be able to encourage the increase in the use of sustainable packaging as a response to the issue of environmental damage, provide alternative technologies for increasing the shelf life of food through active scavenging systems, and expand the application of BC as raw material for food packaging.
Perishable food really needs proper handling. Therefore, various industries and researchers continue to innovate, especially in the development of packaging. The development of active packaging is a new innovation in the field of packaging technology. This packaging innovation was designed to maintain the quality of packaged food. This study aimed to obtain the best concentration of antimicrobial garlic ingredients with a mixture of paper as an active packaging material. The concentration of garlic extract used in this study was 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Based on the result obtained, it could be concluded that the active paper with the addition of garlic extract concentration of 15% had the best effectiveness then followed by concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 0%. The effectiveness could be seen from the diameter of inhibition zone formation resulted.
The safety aspect, especially the fire disaster, is essential for Makassar City because of its role as a metropolitan city and a center of activity in the Eastern Indonesia Region. The dense population and activities make Makassar City vulnerable to fires. A vulnerability assessment can assist in urban disaster management, especially in highlighting areas of fire disaster mitigation.Based on this urgency, this study aims to identify fire-prone areas in Makassar City. This study examines the fire vulnerability of Makassar City from population density, building density, frequency of previous fire events, fire fires, distance to the availability of clean water, and dangerous buildings. Fire susceptibility criteria are based on stakeholder assessments involving disaster experts, city planners, and firefighters through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Spatial assessment using multi-criteria analysis through the Simple Additive Weighting method, which is integrated with the Geographic Information System to allow spatial weighting. The study results show that the western and northern parts of Makassar City are very prone to fires. This area is an early development area for Makassar City, characterized by a dense population and buildings with various activities.
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