The study aimed to investigate the effects of sex-linked feathering alleles on laying performance, hatchability parameters and body measurements in hens from two White Plymouth Rock lines (line L and line K) used as maternal lines in broiler production. Four groups of 18-week-old hens were formed, two of each line, with genotype K/W (slow feathering) and k + /W (rapid feathering) respectively. Groups of line L included 72 hens divided into 6 boxes with 1 rooster per 12 hens, whereas line K groups comprised 96 hens of each genotype, housed in 8 boxes with one rooster per 12 hens, totally 192 birds.The K locus alleles had no significant effect on egg production traits (p>0.05). The presence of slow feathering allele resulted in lower fertility and hatchability of set eggs in both studied lines (p<0.05). A substantial effect of feathering rate alleles was observed with respect to the egg shape index (p<0.05), eggshell thickness (p<0.001) and albumen index (p<0.05). The presence of the slow feathering allele resulted in lower live body weight of birds from line K at the age of 36 weeks (p<0.05), but in longer thighs (p<0.01) and metatarsi (p<0.001) in both lines. The selection for creation of slow feathering lines for feather sexing purposes should take into consideration the effect of the K gene on studied traits.
The article discusses the results of a four-year study (2016-2019) of breeding lines of spring soft wheat of the selection of Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky in the soil and climatic conditions of the central and southern parts of the Volga-Vyatka region. The promising lines C-65, C-103, H-154 were selected as they exceeded the regionalized standard variety Simbirtsit in average yields (3.41...3.56 t/ha; the increase is 0.04...0.19 t/ha), and in terms of potential yield (5.61…6.93 t / ha; the increase is 0.48...1.80 t/ha). According to the long-term average indicators of the crop structure, the selection lines П-57, P-63, С-65 and С-103 were attributed to the sources of valuable properties. Genotypes P-63, H-154 showed higher values and stability of gluten formation in grain relative to the variety Simbirtsit (22.8-24.1%; the increase to the standard is 3.1 - 4.4%). Using the variation coefficient, the degree of variability of economically useful traits (productive bushiness, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, 1000 grain mass, yield, gluten content in grain) was determined in different ecological environments. It has been established that the variability values of individual characteristics of productivity in one variety are not always consistent with each other and have genotypic conditionality. Yield stability can be closely related to the level of variation of individual elements of its structure. Genotypes that were more stable in yield indicated high variability of productive bushiness and low variability of plant height, grain weight per spike, and mass of 1000 grains. It has been shown that from practical point of view the most valuable genotypes were the ones with steadily high values of the spike length and the number of spike grains, as having a high adaptive response to cultivation conditions.Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.
The article provides the results of studying the varieties of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of various ecological and geographical groups in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic for 2016-2019. The objects of the study were presented by 72 varieties and variety samples of spring soft wheat of Russian and foreign selection (Belarus, Canada, USA, Kazakhstan, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Australia). The Simbircit variety zoned in the Volga-Vyatka region (Russia) was used as standard. Low adaptability of most of the studied varieties to the soil and climate conditions of the region due to the strong variability of yield was established. Two Russian varieties Arhat and Icarus with a relatively high coefficient of adaptability (0.71-0.72) exceeded the standard variety in yield by 0.68 and 0.67 t/ha or 18.2 and 18.0 %, respectively. By productive bushiness (53.8-61.5 % higher than the standard), Binni (Australia), Mercana and Omskaya 41 (Russia) were distinguished; by plant height (10.6-14.7 %) – Ekada 113, Mercana and Yulia (Russia); by ear length (13.4-22.0 %) – Mutant ostistyj (Belarus), Raduga and Mis (Russia); by the number of grains in the ear (25.3-34.3 %) – Icar, Ekaterina and Agata (Russia); by weight of grains in the ear (14.8 %) – Arhat and Ekada 113 (Russia); by weight of 1000 grains (4.5 % higher than the standard) – Margarita (Russia). Twelve varieties with strong relation between yield and elements of productivity (R ˃ 0.7) have been selected.
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