Merantau is a unique form of outmigration in Minangkabau communities. The Minangkabau's strong tendency to migration as a rite de passages especially for young men. They migrate from rural areas to looking for experience, prosperity and education. Its also places a heavier burden on household left behind to make up for lost local labor. The impact of outmigration on agriculture, especially on household left behind has long been debated. Thus identifiying the impact of migration on household in rural origin is an open empirical questio. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse impact of merantau to household left-behind labor allocation in on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activity. The paper uses treatment regression techniques to asses impact merantau on household labor allocation. The result provide that merantau contributes to increase hired labor on paddy farming. Paddy farming operations used 89% hired labor. Merantau reduce labor force participation for household members left behind and increase non-farm activity. Base on the findings, this study contributions to the literature by providing a wider understanding of labor supply decisions in rural household that have migrant and receive financial transfers.
Minangkabau culture is characterized by a matrilineal family system and high level of migration. The contribution of Minangkabau migrants to rural origins and household left behind is generally very high. However, there is currently limited empirical research on this issues especially to paddy farm households in rural areas. This article emphasizes what decision to remit is intensely associated to individual migrant, farm household and social group characteristics. Using farm households survey data from three villages in West Sumatera, our results lend support that remittances are sending to farm households with low levels of welfare. Futhermore, individual characteristics such as gender and migrant expenditure are influential in remitting patterns. In addition, no differ between clan groups of migrants. These results indicate primary driver of Minangkabau migrants in sending remittances is altruism. Understanding the sending of remittances behavior is crucial for rural areas to improve these potential capital transfer for more sustainable agricultural development programme.
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