Изучено состояние здоровья, вегетативный гомеостаз и параметры местного иммунитета 104 первоклассников в возрасте 6-8 лет в период адаптации к обучению в образовательных учреждениях общего типа и с повышенной учебной нагрузкой. Показано, что течение адаптационного процесса первоклассников, обучающихся в образовательных учреждениях нового типа, сопряжено с ростом хронической патологии, нарушением вегетативного гомеостаза и состояния местного иммунитета слизистых оболочек (увеличение содержания секреторного иммуноглобулина A, снижение активности каспазы-3 слюны), свидетельствующими о снижении неспецифической резистентности организма детей.Ключевые слова: первоклассники, комплексная оценка здоровья, адаптация, вегетативный гомеостаз, каспаза-3, секреторный иммуноглобулин A слюны.The state of health, vegetative homeostasis and parameters of local immunity 104 first-graders at the age of 6-8 years in adaptation to training in educational institutions of the general type and with the raised academic load is studied. It is shown that the current of adaptable process of the first-graders trained in educational institutions of new type is interfaced to growth of a chronic pathology, infringement of a vegetative homeostasis and a condition of local immunity of mucous membranes (maintenance increase sekretori immunoglobulin A, activity decrease kaspazy-3 a saliva), testifying to decrease in nonspecific resistance of an organism of children.
There are presented in the article the main ideas of professor I.N. Osipov, that are stated in his monographs, dedicated to the issues of diagnosis. It was described the further development of this ideas in the work of Child Diseases’ Department of the SSMU.
Examination of 73 children of 8-12 years of age was conducted in order to study morphological characteristics of erythrocytes at undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD). Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant alterations of surface architectonics of red blood cells, characterized by reduction in the number of discocytes and increase in the number of transformed and degenerative cell forms in the group of children with UCTD without development of anemic syndrome. The most intensive morphological presentation disorders of red blood cells were registered in children with UCTD and anemic syndrome. The article shows that structural inferiority of erythrocyte membranes is a pathogenetic anemia development factor in children with connective tissue dysplasia.
«Children physiology and pathology» problem committee has summed up the results of 30 years of work. The results of postgraduate and doctorate training program for the given period are presented. The modern scientific research trends were emphasized.
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