The autonomic nervous system is of great importance in regulating the homeostasis of the animal body. In particular, the sympathetic and parasympathetic departments of the nervous system affect the physiological and biochemical processes in the animal body to adjust the body's activity depending on the factors of the external and internal environment. The purpose of the study is to find out the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system on the content of saturated fatty acids in lipids of blood plasma in cows depending on the season. The study was performed on cows of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed of the 3rd–4th lactation. The tone of the autonomic nervous system in cows was determined by cardiological examination according to the Baevskyi method. The content of saturated fatty acids in lipids of blood plasma was determined by the gas chromatography method. Comparing the results obtained in the winter and summer periods, differences in the content of saturated fatty acids in lipids of blood plasma in cows were found. Normotonic cows were characterized by a significantly higher content of caproic, lauric, stearic, and arachidic acids (р≤0.05–0.001) in the winter period and myristic and pentadecanoic acids (р≤0.001) in the summer period. In winter, sympathotonic cows had high levels of caproic, capric, myristic, and arachidic acids in lipids of blood plasma (р≤0.05–0.001), and in summer period – pentadecanoic, palmitic, and stearic acids (р≤0.05– 0.001). In blood plasma of vagotonic cows, there were high levels of stearic and arachidic acids (р≤0.001) in the winter period, while in the summer period – caproic, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids (р≤0.01–0.001). According to the results of the study, it should be noted that the tone of the autonomic nervous system can affect the processes of saturated fatty acid metabolism in cows.
The relevance of the subject is the significance of exploring the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the cardiovascular system to improve the welfare of productive animals. Heart rate variability is a non-invasive research method that can be useful in exploring the health status of an animal and analysing its psychophysiological state in farm conditions. The purpose of the research – to determine the effect of the tone of autonomic nervous regulation on the cow’s body, which is reflected in changes in the sympathovagal balance. Experimental research was conducted on Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows. To explore the variability of heart rate, an electrocardiograph was used, followed by the determination of the main indicators according to the Baevsky method, which included the determination of mode, mode amplitude, variation range, autonomic balance index, autonomic rhythm index and stress index. Based on the results of the study, three experimental groups of animals were established: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. Considering the results obtained, cows, depending on the influence of the tone of the autonomic nervous system, have differences in the activity of the cardiovascular system. It will result in different responses to stress, which in turn will affect their productivity. Determination of heart rate variability can be one of the indispensable indicators in analysing the health of an animal on a dairy farm. This issue is a promising area of research, especially when exploring the metabolic processes of high-yield cows to improve productivity while maintaining the physiological state of the animal
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