Important climatic factor affecting growth of potato crop other than temperature is the availability of solar energi. Growth of the crop can be predicted from the amount of intercepted solar radiation by crop canopy, however, climatological station only measures incoming solar radiation above crop canopy (Qo). This experiment aims to derive parameter of canopy extinction coefficient (k) that is required to calculate intercepted radiation based on Qo; and parameter of radiation-use efficiency (ε) to calculate crop biomass based on that intercepted radiation. This research found the value of k increasing from k=0.15 to k=0.50 associated with increasing LAI from 0.98 to 1.98. Solar radiation use efficiencies that were calculated based on above-ground biomass (AGB) and total biomass (AGB+tuber) are respectly ε AGB = 1,55 g MJ -1 and ε Total =4,49 g MJ -1 .
Retail sector is one of the economic sectors that drive the Indonesian economic growth. In 2020, this sector declined due to pandemic Covid 19. Minimarkets are one type of retail that can survive while many modern retailers had difficult times. It is an opportunity for businesses to compete in this sector. One of them is 212 Mart that focused on Indonesian muslim consumers is also affected by this pandemic. This study aims to formulate a 212 Mart business strategy using the latest information collected during the pandemic. This study discusses the environmental factors of 212 Mart using the IFE and EFE while the strategy is formulated uses a SWOT-QSPM analysis. The research results shows that there are management and distribution problems that occur in 212 Mart. The strategic priority generated in this study is to recruit new members or new investors as target consumers as well as business partners who are expected to improve the performance of 212 Mart.
About four million tonnes of wheat has been imported annually, because hardly no wheat crop is cultivated in Indonesia. High temperature is probably the major limiting factor for cultivating the crop in a large scale. This research aims to find out the relationship between temperature and wheat (DWR162 cultivar) crop development to derive its developmental parameters (base temperature and thermal unit) and to further study its effects on grain yield. Experiment was conducted at five locations in Java Island with distict altitudes range from 28 to 1,650 m to represent a wide range of averaged air temperature (27.5 to 16.5 oC). The base temperature derived from this experiment were 8.3, 3.8, and 15.1 oC while the parameters of thermal unit were 189, 1053 and 290 d. oC, respectively for the phases of sowing-emergence, emergence-anthesis, and anthesis-physiological maturity. Grain yield of the wheat crop decreased with increasing temperature of about 10% per 1oC increase above averaged temperature of 16.5 oC. Increasing temperature caused shorter duration during vegetative growth (emergence-anthesis) and grain filling period (anthesis-maturity which resulted in smaller biomass and the grain yield.
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) has been grown in Indonesia since the beginning of 14th century. Teak forests in Indonesia are found mainly on the island of Java, which cover an area of about 1 million ha (Indonesia Forest State Enterprise, 1992). Outside Java, the natural area of teak is Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi (Simon, 1997). In some recent years, teak has been planted in some other islands of Indonesia from Sumatra to Papua mainly by private sectors and farmers. Some of these plantations are in areas that would have been considered marginal for teak growing two decades ago.<br />This phenomenon was encouraged by relatively new perception of teak planting as a commercially profitable venture, as well as by policy and legal changes. The rotation cycle of new high-intensity teak plantations is generally between 20 and 25 years which is three to four times shorter than for older low-intensity plantations (Nair & Souvannavong, 2000). Nowadays, the government does not control its harvesting and utilization for teak grown on private land.<br />However, information on growth response of this kind of teak to climate is very limited. The fast growth of this kind of teak needs a specific environment that could be different for the slow growing one. Its resistance to water deficit may not be as high as the slow growing one as its needs much water to cover its fast growth particularly in the early period of growth. This experiment was intended to analyze the effects of water deficit to the growth of young fast growing teak.
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