Constitutional provisions concerning environmental protection have not specifically been regulated as expressive verbis in the Indonesian Constitution. In fact, the position of the environment has not been seated as a legal subject, and there is an absence of constitutional obligations for central government and local government and corporations and citizens, to protect the environment as a legal subject. Although Indonesia is very rich in natural resources, there are no provisions for constitutional procedures, such as constitutional complaint or suite action, and constitutional questions, to carry out environmental protection and the protection of environmental rights in constitutional courts or the supreme court. This study aims to explore the commitment of the State in its supreme law of constitution to carry out eco-constitutional reform agenda as the supreme action of the law to realize the ecocracy constitution as the new paradigm of environmental sovereignty. The results show that some countries have strengthened the position of living environments as a legal subject and placed it in their constitutions. However, if compared to the constitution of other countries, Indonesia's current constitution is very far behind the idea of eco-constitutionalism or ecocracy, such as the constitutions of Ecuador, Bolivia, Switzerland, Egypt, and France which explicitly supports the environment, like water, mountains, sea, rivers, forests, animals, as subjects of law and the State, corporation, and citizens are obliged to protect them.

Along with technological developments, there are a lot of facilities available in cyberspace. The development of this technology can also provide opportunities for criminals, especially crimes in cyberspace. Cybercrime is a new form or dimension of a crime that is currently receiving a lot of attention from the international community. One type of cybercrime is hacking. Based on this background, this research was conducted with the aim of describing law enforcement against criminal acts of hacking and the efforts to deal with cybercrime. This research was conducted using normative legal research methods and statutory approaches. The results of this study showed that law enforcement against criminal acts of hacking is regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 amending Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. The perpetrator will be given criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment and fines for violations in the field of hacking. In addition, efforts to eradicate cybercrime refers to the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions which is carried out with preventive and repressive measures. Therefore, the criminal act of hacking which is included in the realm of cybercrime has been regulated in Article 30 paragraph (1), (2) and (3) of the ITE Law, while the punishment is regulated in Article 46 paragraph (1), (2), and ( 3) of the ITE Law. In this regard, the government has taken various countermeasures in the form of preventive and repressive measures.

One of the problems faced by the Indonesian bureaucracy is the violation of discipline by Civil Servants. Therefore, Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning Civil Servantsand PP No. 53/2010 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. Based on this background, this research was conducted with the aim of outlining how the discipline of Civil Servants in Denpasar City Government based on Law No.5 / 2014 concerning ASN and PP No. 53/2010 concerning Discipline of Civil Servants and how to enforce legal sanctions for Civil Servants who commit disciplinary violations within the Denpasar City Government. This research was designed using an empirical approach. This research was conducted directly at the Denpasar City BKPSDM by conducting interviews with the Kasubid Discipline and the Denpasar City BKPSDM Award. The results of this study indicated that the regulation of Civil Servant discipline in the BKPSDM is clearly regulated in the Civil ServantLaw and PP No. 53/2010 concerning Discipline of Civil Servants, and enforcement of legal sanctions at the BKPSDM for ASN who commit violations of discipline are also guided by Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning ASN and PP No 53/2010 concerning Discipline of Civil Servants. These laws and regulations already have clear rules. The causes of discipline violations committed by Civil Servants are that Civil Servantsdo not understand the rules, the leadership does not act firmly, lack of inherent supervision (WASKAT), and lack of appreciation praise for subordinates.

Local government is an efficient and effective form of government, because the central government cannot handle all the complex problems of the state. The problem raised in this study is about the authority of the village consultative body as a supervisory agency for the performance of the village head. The purposes of this study are to examine the position of the village consultative body in the village government and the implementation of BPD supervision on the performance of the village head in the village government. The method used is a normative legal research method with a case approach. The technique of data collection is done by literature study. The sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials which are then analyzed systematically. The results of the study indicate that the authority of the village consultative body is to hold meetings with the community to collect their wishes, channel the wishes of the community to the village government both orally and in writing, present the draft Perdes under its authority, monitor and evaluate the performance of the village head, request information on the administration of village governance to the village head. village government, express opinions on the implementation of village governance, carry out village development, promote village communities and empower village communities

With the perspective of Indonesian law, this paper examines forms of legal protection for tourists who travel in Bali as well as examines legal liabilites of the Travel Bureau toward tourists who do not enjoy their trips. This study was realized in the design of empirical legal research based on the gap between legal provisions in Article 26 letter d of the tourism law and contradictory situations provided by travel service agent. The results show that legal protection for tourists on tourist trips is preventive and repressive, focusing on providing security and comfort for tourists. Legal responsibility by the Travel Agency that provides the best servants for tourists is an absolute responsibility where the travel agency will upgrade the service and do refunding.