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Mangrove adalah tipe vegetasi yang terdapat di daerah pantai tropis. Hutan mangrove sebagai salah satu sumberdaya alam yang potensial yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Pemanfaatan hutan mangrove yang berlebihan dan tidak diimbangi dengan rehabilisasi akan menyebabkan penurunan luasan mangrove yang menyebabkan berkurangnya fungsi mangrove dalam ekosistem. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mangrove adalah tanah atau substrat. Pada umumnya kawasan hutan mangrove terdapat di seluruh pantai Indonesia dan tumbuh pada lokasi-lokasi yang masih dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas pasang. Kerusakan hutan mangrove terluas di Bali terjadi di kawasan Tahura Ngurah Rai yaitu seluas 253,4 hektar dari luas total 1.373,5 hektar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui struktur komunitas mangrove berdasarkan karakteristik subtrat di Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai, Bali. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode line transek dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis INP. Dari lima stasiun penelitian ditemukan Sembilan spesies mangrove diantaranya: Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia officinalis dan Aegiceras floridium. Komponen substrat di TAHURA didominanasi oleh pasir diikuti oleh liat dan lumpur. Spesies Sonneratia alba dan Rhizophora apiculata ditemukan di semua jenis substrat, spesies Rhizophora mucronata ditemukan pada dua jenis substrat yaitu substrat lempung berpasir dan lempung liat berpasir namun beberapa spesies hanya ditemukan di satu jenis substrat saja seperti spesies Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia lanata, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera gymnorhiza dan Bruguiera sexangula.

Thalassia hemprichii is one of the seagrass as favorite food of two protected herbivores such as Green Turtle and Dugong. The existence of Thalassia hemprichii and knowing the growth rate becomes very important for sustainability of two herbivores. The study was conducted in Tanjung Benoa waters that covering three parts of the coast such as Samuh, Conrad and Tanjung beach in February until March 2017. Thalassia hemprichii leaves growth is observed consist of long and heavy growth (dry weight) and measured leaf age that has been observed such as young, half old and old leaves. The method that used to measure the growth of Thalassia hemprichii is pruning method and determination the research location using purposive sampling method. The aim of this research is explained the growth rate, biomass, and productivity of young leaves, old leaves of Thalassia hemprichii in Tanjung Benoa Bali. Measurement results of Thalassia hemprichii growth between age group of leaves has different young leaves faster growth if compared with the half old leaves and old leaves with average growth is 3.41mm/day indicates that the efficiency of this seagrass growth will decrease as the leaves age. The highest biomass values ??were found in older leaves if compared with young leaves and half-old leaves with average 0.205 gbk/m2 expected because the thick and wide leaf size will produced larger leaf biomass. The highest productivity value is found in oldest leaves in each station with average 0.028 gbk/m2/day expected morphology and different nutrient content in each leaf tissue.

Lakes are one of the surface water resources in Bali Island which supports the socio-economic activities of the community. The growing economic activities either in the tourism or agricultural sector have their effects on the emergence of various problems such as the environmental pollution, shallowness of lakes and erosions. The emergence of various pollutions and the decreased functions of the Lake Beratan is not separable from the intervention of the community living surrounding the lake so that the conservation efforts need the community participation living surrounding the lake. This is based on the idea that the success of the conservation of water resources does not only depend upon the government but the involvement of the community also becomes a key factor. This study aims to identify and analyze the participation of the community living surrounding the Lake Beratan in the conservation of water resources. The number of samples used in this study was 98 respondents gathered by means of purposive sampling in the village of Kembangmerta, the village of Candikuning I and Candikuning II which are located close to the area of Lake Beratan and the majority of the people there use the lake water for daily needs. The community participation is divided into two categories, less participations and good participations, calculated based on Likert scale while the effect of free variables such as age (X1), education (X2), income (X3), length of living (X4), and perception (X5) on bond variables were calculated using discriminating analysis. The result of the study shows that the community participation surrounding Beratan Lake in conserving water resources had been good. The differentiating variables were the age of the respondents and their incomes.

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