Maritime Continent rainfall variability during the TRMM era: The role of monsoon, topography and El Niño Modoki

As-syakur, Abd. Rahman; Osawa, Takahiro; Miura, Fusanori; Nuarsa, I Wayan; Ekayanti, Ni Wayan; Dharma, I Gusti Bagus Sila; Adnyana, I Wayan Sandi; Arthana, I Wayan; Tanaka, Takahiko

doi:10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2016.05.004

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In particular, west−east differences of the IMC have been found in climatological (e.g., Köppen 1918;Murakami and Matsumoto 1994;Kubota et al 2011;Hidayat et al 2016;Lestari et al 2016), and cloudphysical (e.g., As-syakur et al 2016) and water isotope (Suwarman et al 2013(Suwarman et al , 2017Belgaman et al 2016;Permana et al 2016) observations. The western part has relatively greater rainfall, a more continental-like raindrop size distribution, and more Indian Ocean monsoon-like origin than the eastern part.…”

Section: Regional Rainfall As a Function Of "Coastline Density"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Yamanaka

Ogino

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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During the Monsoon Asian Hydro−Atmosphere Scientific Research and Prediction Initiative (MAHASRI; 2006-16), we carried out two projects over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), constructing the Hydrometeorological Array for Intraseasonal Variation−Monsoon Automonitoring (HARIMAU; 2005-10) radar network and setting up a prototype institute for climate studies, the Maritime Continent Center of Excellence (MCCOE; 2009-14). Here, we review the climatological features of the world's largest "regional" rainfall over the IMC studied in these projects. The fundamental mode of atmospheric variability over the IMC is the diurnal cycle generated along coastlines by land−sea temperature contrast: afternoon land becomes hotter than sea by clear-sky insolation before noon, with the opposite contrast before sunrise caused by evening rainfall-induced "sprinkler"-like land cooling (different from the extratropical infrared cooling on clear nights). Thus, unlike the extratropics, the diurnal cycle over the IMC is more important in the rainy season. The intraseasonal, seasonal to annual, and interannual climate variabilities appear as amplitude modulations of the diurnal cycle. For example, in Jawa and Bali the rainy season is the southern hemispheric summer, because land heating in the clear morning and water vapor transport by afternoon sea breeze is strongest in the season of maximum insolation. During El Niño, cooler sea water surrounding the IMC makes morning maritime convection and rainfall weaker than normal. Because the diurnal cycle is almost the only mechanism generating convective clouds systematically near the equator with little cyclone activity, the local annual rainfall amount in the tropics is a steeply decreasing function of coastal distance (e-folding scale 100-300 km), and regional annual rainfall is an increasing function of "coastline density" (coastal length/land area) measured at a horizontal resolution of 100 km. The coastline density effect explains why rainfall and latent heating over the IMC are twice the global mean for an area that makes up only 4% of the Earth's surface. The diurnal cycles appearing almost synchronously over the whole IMC generate teleconnections between the IMC convection and the global climate. Thus, high-resolution (<< 100 km; << 1 day) observations and models over the IMC are essential to improve both local disaster prevention and global climate prediction.

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Section: Regional Rainfall As a Function Of "Coastline Density"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interannual variations of rainfall over the IMC and their relation with ENSO and IOD have been analyzed in several studies (e.g., Hamada et al 2002Hamada et al , 2008Hamada et al , 2012Aldrian and Susanto 2003;Kubota et al 2011;Siswanto et al 2016;Yanto et al 2016;Lestari et al 2016;As-syakur et al 2016) (Fig. 15).…”

Section: Control Of the Global Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Yamanaka

Ogino

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…may help in forecasting the onset and duration of the dry season over the Maritime Continent. Consequently, forecasting TC activity can help improve, at least partially, the forecasts for all of the processes associated with the Maritime Continent circulation (55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60).…”

Section: Implications For the Forecast Of The Dry Season Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The typhoon-induced drying of the Maritime Continent

Scoccimarro

Gualdi

Bellucci

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Maritime Continent plays a role in the global circulation pattern, due to the energy released by convective condensation over the region which influences the global atmospheric circulation. We demonstrate that tropical cyclones contribute to drying the Maritime Continent atmosphere, influencing the definition of the onset of the dry season. The process was investigated using observational data and reanalysis. Our findings were confirmed by numerical experiments using low-and high-resolution versions of the CMCC-CM2 General Circulation Model contributing to the HighResMIP CMIP6 effort. typhoon | maritime continent | precipitation | tropical cyclone S everal studies have analyzed the effects of mean climate conditions and climate change on tropical cyclone (TC) activity (1-11). There is increasing attention to the impact of TCs on the mean climate through their interaction with the ocean (12-16) and with the surrounding atmospheric environment. TCinduced stationary Rossby waves (17) are likely responsible for the interaction with the atmospheric environment, due to the fact that they excite extratropical wave trains affecting higher latitudes (18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Also, TC-associated water transport has a role in feeding extreme precipitation events in the extratropics (23,24).In this paper, we highlight the role of TCs as important players within Earth's climate system (25). We evaluated the drying effect that TCs have on certain portions of the equatorial band, due to induced zonal wind anomalies. We found that a net eastward water transport anomaly in the equatorial region of the west North Pacific (WNP), induced by TCs developing in the basin, may be responsible for a significant moisture flux divergence over the Maritime Continent, thus reducing the local precipitation during the onset of the dry season. We investigated this process using Japanese 55-y Reanalysis (JRA-55) (26) and conducted numerical experiments based on low-and highresolution versions of the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici Climate Model 2 (CMCC-CM2) General Circulation Model (GCM) (16,27,28). Our findings suggest that forecasting TC activity in the WNP might also help in predicting the onset of the dry season over the Maritime Continent. This is based on the role of TCs in modulating the moisture flux over the region. TC Representation in Reanalysis and Climate ModelsClimate modeling provides a realistic representation of TCs activity in terms of both their geographical density and intensity. GCMs (16,29,30) are now able to represent the most intense hurricanes and typhoons, mainly due to the horizontal resolutionequal or higher than 25 km-in their atmospheric component. Long reanalyses (such as JRA-55 used in the present work), based on GCMs, provide a considerable amount of climate information associated with the observed TCs (31, 32) at a high spatial and temporal resolution (a few hours). This detailed information associated with observed TCs, together with observations, goes back to 1979 and earlier, with suffici...

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“…Only PAR and T scalar have monthly and seasonal variability, because they are calculated from daily meteorological data. However, the primary remote sensing Landsat data used in this study were taken during the end of March, which is the beginning of the transition season (March-April-May) between the northwest monsoon (rainy season) and the southeast monsoon (dry season) for the study area [45,65], except for the data for 1995, which were acquired in February. During the transition season, the water content is not too high because rainfall begins to decrease and is not too low because it is not the dry season.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Gross Primary Production (GPP) over the Past Two Decades Due to Land Use Conversion in a Tourism City

Nuarsa

As-syakur

Gunadi

et al. 2018

IJGI

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Understanding the changes in gross primary production (GPP), which is the total carbon fixation by terrestrial ecosystems through vegetation photosynthesis, due to land use conversion in a tourism city is important for carbon cycle studies. Satellite data from Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 and meteorological data are used to calculate annual GPP for 1995, 2003 and 2014, respectively, using the vegetation production model (VPM) in the tourism city Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Five land use types generated from topographic maps in three different years over the past two decades are used to quantify the impacts of land use changes on GPP estimation values. Analysis was performed for two periods to determine changes in land use and GPP value as well as their speed. The results demonstrated that urban land development, namely, the increase of settlement areas due to tourism activity, had overall negative effects on terrestrial GPP. The total GPP of the whole area decreased by 7793.96 tC year −1 (12.65%) during the study period. The decline is due to the conversion of agriculture and grassland area into settlements, which caused the city to lose half of its ability to uptake carbon through vegetation. However, although forest area is declining, forest maintenance and restoration by making them protection areas has been helpful in preventing a drastic decline in GPP value over the past two decades. This study provides information that is useful for carbon resource management, tourism, policy making and scholars concerned about carbon reduction in a tourism city.

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Maritime Continent rainfall variability during the TRMM era: The role of monsoon, topography and El Niño Modoki

Cited by 35 publications

References 106 publications

Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

Maritime continent coastlines controlling Earth’s climate

The typhoon-induced drying of the Maritime Continent

Changes in Gross Primary Production (GPP) over the Past Two Decades Due to Land Use Conversion in a Tourism City

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