Roots of Bryonia alba L. have long been used as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine and homeopathy. According to the literature, the carbohydrate composition of B. alba roots includes sucrose and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides isolated from the roots are known to have a molecular mass of 50,000 and to possess pyrogenic properties [1][2][3].In continuation of a systematic comprehensive study of the composition of biologically active compounds from B. alba, it seemed advisable to study the carbohydrate composition of the roots and to establish the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of free sugars, polysaccharides, and total sugars from the roots.Roots of B. alba were collected in autumn 2013 at the end of the vegetative period. The aqueous extract was obtained by soaking dry raw material (20.0 g) in H 2 O (200 mL) and refluxing for 1 h. The operation was repeated twice. The extracts were combined and concentrated. The concentrate (20 mL) was precipitated by four times the volume of EtOH (96%). The precipitate was separated, rinsed, and dried (polysaccharide yield 3.9 ± 0.24%).The qualitative composition of the polysaccharides was studied by paper chromatography (PC). For this, a portion (0.2 g) was dissolved in a H 2 O-EtOH mixture (0.72 mL, 1:1) and hydrolyzed by the same volume of H 2 SO 4 (20%) on a water bath. The degree of hydrolysis was monitored by PC. Complete hydrolysis required 5 h. The hydrolysate was neutralized and evaporated in vacuo to a dry residue that was dissolved in EtOH (0.5 mL) [4,5] and studied by ascending PC using Me 2 COn-BuOH-H 2 O (7:2:1) in the presence of authentic monosaccharide samples. Anilinium biphthalate was used as the detector.Free sugars in the supernatant liquid remaining after the polysaccharide centrifugation were studied in parallel in order to identify them. PC detected free monosaccharides in B. alba roots that were identified as Glc, Fru and the disaccharide sucrose. The polysaccharide hydrolysate contained Ara, Glc, and Gal. Next, monosaccharides in the plant roots were studied by GC/MS after extraction of free monosaccharides from the plant raw material and total acid hydrolysis of the extract in order to determine the total monosaccharide composition followed by preparation of the aldononitrile acetates and their analysis [6][7][8].Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent 6890N/5973inert chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) using an HP-5ms capillary column (3 mm u 0.25 mm u 0.25 Pm, Agilent Technologies, USA), vaporizer temperature 250°C, and interface temperature 280°C. The separation used programmed temperature from the initial 160°C (held for 8 min) to 240°C at 5°C/min. The final temperature was held for 6 min. The injected sample volume was 1 PL with 1:50 flow division. Detection was made in SCAN mode in the range 38-400 m/z. The carrier gas flow rate was 1.2 mL/min. Compounds were identified by retention time using standard monosaccharides and the NIST 02 mass-spectra library. An internal standard was added to the sample...
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