<p>ABSTRACT<br />Ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangga hama berdasarkan karakter<br />morfologi bulu (trichom) pada daun merupakan salah satu cara potensial<br />mengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama.<br />Serangga hama pengisap Bemisia tabaci pada tanaman kapas juga dapat<br />dikendalikan dengan menggunakan varietas kapas resisten berdasarkan<br />karakter morfologi bulu daun. Penelitian peranan kerapatan bulu daun<br />pada tanaman kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci Gennadius dilakukan di<br />Kebun Percobaan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, dan di Laboratorium<br />Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai<br />April hingga Juli 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui<br />peranan kerapatan bulu daun pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah kapas<br />terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci. Perlakuan terdiri atas 11 aksesi plasma<br />nutfah kapas yang dipilih berdasarkan penilaian visual pada karakter<br />kerapatan bulu daun yang mewakili kerapatan bulu rendah hingga tinggi,<br />yaitu: (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI<br />257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-<br />998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP<br />21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), dan (11) CTX-1<br />(KI 487). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan<br />10 ulangan. Paramater yang diamati adalah jumlah bulu daun, telur dan<br />nimfa pada 1 cm2 luas daun, serta jumlah imago B. tabaci pada daun<br />ketiga dari atas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan<br />bulu daun berkorelasi positif dengan kolonisasi B. tabaci (R=0,9701).<br />Semakin tinggi kerapatan bulu daun, semakin meningkat kolonisasi B.<br />tabaci. Kolonisasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi pada CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8,<br />dan KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm 2 luas daun) karena tingkat kerapatan bulu<br />daun juga lebih tinggi (150-300 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dibanding TAMCOT<br />SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala<br />1517, A/35 Reba P 279, dan Kanesia 1 yang memiliki kerapatan bulu daun<br />(0-100 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dan tingkat kolonisasi B. tabaci (<100<br />individu/cm 2 luas daun) lebih rendah.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, plasma nutfah, hama, Bemisia<br />tabaci, trichom, kolonisasi, Jawa Timur</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Role of trichome density of cotton leaf to colonization of<br />Bemisia tabaci Gennadius<br />Trichome-based host plant resistance offers the potential to reduce<br />chemical insecticides used in insect pest control. Cotton whitefly, Bemisia<br />tabaci can be controlled by using resistant variety based on trichome<br />density as plant morphological characteristics. The study on the role of<br />trichome density of cotton accessions on the colonization of B. tabaci was<br />carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang, and at<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI ) in Malang from April to July 2005. Treatments<br />included 11 cotton accessions, viz. (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI<br />436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5)<br />Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP<br />Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677),<br />(10) CTX-8 (KI 494), and (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). The experiment was<br />arranged in completely randomized design with ten replications.<br />Parameters observed were trichome density, number of eggs and nymphs<br />on one cm2 of leaf and adult of B. tabaci on 3rd highest leaf of cotton<br />plant. The result showed that trichome density was positively correlated<br />with B. tabaci colonization (R=0,9701) in which higher trichome density<br />of cotton leaf has resulted in great colonization of B. tabaci. Bemisia<br />tabaci colonisation was higher on CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, and KK-3<br />(150-250 individu/cm2 of leaf) due to dense trichome (150-300<br />trichomes/cm2 leaf) as compared with other accessions, viz. TAMCOT<br />SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala<br />1517, A/35 Reba P 279, and Kanesia 1 which showed less density of leaf<br />trichome (0-100 trichomes/cm2 of leaf) and B. tabaci colonization (< 100<br />individu/cm2 of leaf).<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, cotton accession, pest,<br />Bemisia tabaci, trichome, colonization</p>
<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nematoda entomopatogen Steinernema sp. telah banyak<br />dimanfaatkan sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama di<br />luar negeri, namun di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian adalah<br />mengevaluasi efektivitas 3 strain Steinernema sp. lokal terhadap beberapa<br />hama utama tanaman perkebunan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini dilakukan<br />di Laboratorium Entomologi dan Kebun Percobaan, Balai Penelitian<br />Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, Jawa Timur, mulai April 2001<br />sampai Mei 2002. Tiga strain nematoda lokal, yaitu BT02, ML07, dan<br />AB05 diuji masing-masing pada konsentrasi 50; 100; 200; 400; dan 800<br />Juvenil infektif (JI)/ml dan satu kontrol (tanpa JI). Sembilan spesies<br />serangga hama yang diuji yaitu Helicoverpa armigera, dan Pectinophora<br />gossypiella (hama kapas), H. assulta dan Myzus persicae (tembakau),<br />Plutella xylostella, dan Crocidolomia binotalis (kubis), Spodoptera exigua<br />(bawang merah), Liriomyza sp. dan S. litura (bunga krisan). Setiap spesies<br />serangga mewakili satu unit pengujian. Setiap perlakuan dalam unit<br />disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat ulangan.<br />Aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan metode vial, kultur sel, dan sumuran,<br />tergantung perilaku serangga uji dan menggunakan spray chamber. Di<br />laboratorium, parameter yang diamati adalah sublethal (LC 25 ) dan lethal<br />concentration (LC 50 ), sublethal and lethal time (LT), dan produksi JI. Di<br />lapang, hanya satu perlakuan tunggal yang digunakan yaitu LC 50 dari<br />setiap strain nematoda. Sebanyak masing-masing 20 inang serangga<br />dipajankan daun atau bagian tanaman yang telah disemprot dengan<br />suspensi nematoda di lapang, kemudian serangga uji diamati di<br />laboratorium hingga mati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga<br />strain nematoda menunjukkan efektif membunuh C. binotalis (BT02), P.<br />xylostella, M. persicae (ML07), dan P. gossypiella (AB05), tetapi kurang<br />efektif terhadap H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua dan S. litura (ML07), dan<br />Liriomyza sp. (BT02). Waktu efektif yang diperlukan nematoda untuk<br />membunuh inang (Lethal Time) pada ketiga strain berkisar antara 1-4 hari.<br />Selain efektif membunuh stadia larva, Steinernema sp. juga efektif<br />terhadap prepupa dan pupa.<br />Kata kunci : Tanaman perkebunan, hortikultura, Steinernema sp.,<br />Helicoverpa armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, H.<br />assulta, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella, Crocidolomia<br />binotalis, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Liriomyza sp., juvenil<br />infektif, mortalitas</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematode Steiner-<br />nema sp. against major insect pests of plantation and<br />horticulture<br />Entomopathogenic nematode of family Steinernematidae is a<br />prospective agent for biological control of insect pests. It has been known<br />that many species of insects can be infected by nematode and sometimes<br />showed different levels of infection. Laboratory and field study on the<br />effectiveness of Steinernema sp. against major insect pests of plantation<br />and horticulture was carried out in Laboratory of Entomology and<br />Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java. The objective was to find out the<br />effectiveness of three local strains of Steinernema sp. to any different<br />major of insect pests of plantation and horticulture. Three local strains of<br />nematode tested as BT02, ML07, and AB05 which each consist of five<br />level concentrations of IJ, viz. 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 IJ/ml and one<br />untreated with IJ as control were tested against nine species of insect, viz.<br />H. armigera, P. gossypiella (cotton), H. assulta and M. persicae (tobacco),<br />P. xylostella and C. binotalis (cabbage), S. exigua (red onion), Liriomyza<br />sp. and S. litura (chrysanthemum). Each species of insect was tested as<br />one unit of test and treated with the same level of concentration. Each<br />treatment in every unit of test was arranged in randomized complete<br />design with four replications. Application method of treatment used were<br />vial, cell culture plate, and well, depends on insect behaviour. Nematode<br />suspension was applied by using spray chamber. Parameters observed<br />were sublethal and lethal concentration, sublethal and lethal time and IJ<br />production. In field study, only one single treatment LC 50 was used to<br />observe the insect mortality. In this study, twenty of insect hosts were fed<br />on treated-sample leaves collected from the field and observed till death.<br />The result showed that all strains of Steinernema sp. were more<br />pathogenic and effective against C. binotallis (BT02), P. xylostella and M.<br />persicae (ML07), and P. gossypiella (AB05), but less pathogenic against<br />H. armigera (AB05), S. exigua and S. litura (ML07), and Liriomyza sp.<br />(BT02). Time needed (LT) to kill the insect host was ranged from one to<br />four days. Strains of nematode tested were not only effective against larvae<br />but also effective to kill prepupae and pupae of insect host.<br />Key words : Estate crops, horticulture, Steinernema sp., H. armigera, P.<br />gossypiella, H. assulta, M. persicae, P. xylostella, C.<br />binotalis, S. exigua, Liriomyza sp, S. litura, infective<br />juvenile, mortality</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.