IntroductionThe clinic of psychiatry and mental health of São João hospital centre (Oporto, Portugal) has implemented a psychiatric consultation to support college students since 2007. This consultation is open to all of the universities in the metropolitan area of Oporto.Aims/objectivesThis specific consultation aims to detect and intervene early in the treatment of psychiatric illness and to promote mental health in this specific population.MethodsRetrospective study conducted in the São João hospital centre, Oporto, Portugal. Patients attending university student's specific consultation between January 1st 2011 and March 31st 2016 were included. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, clinical diagnosis (ICD-10, WHO, 1992) and psychological scales (WAIS-III, BSI, HADS, SF-36 and NEO-PI-R). SPSS® software (v. 20.0, 2011) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn this study, 139 patients were included (66.2% female, medium age 23.1 years old). The majority of patients were medical, engineering or nursing students (respectively 20.9%, 18.0% and 17.9%). The most frequent diagnosis was adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders and personality disorders. 54.6% completed all the psychological scales.ConclusionsThe number of students with mental health issues is increasing. Early detection and treatment of these pathologies may allow improvements on the educational, economic and social levels, as well as in the quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
IntroductionThe diagnosis of psychosis is based on the presence or absence of characteristic symptoms. The presence of such symptoms varies during the course and treatment, raising the question of diagnostic stability after a first psychotic episode.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic stability after a first psychotic episode in the long term (five years after the first inpatient admission).MethodologyA retrospective study that included patients with first psychotic episode between 2007 and 2011 admitted to the inpatient unit of the psychiatry and mental health clinic of São João hospital center, Oporto, Portugal and re-evaluation of the diagnosis after five years.ResultsWe included 60 patients with a first psychosis episode, 22 of which were drop-outs after five years. Of the 38 patients evaluated, it was possible to see that after 5 years 68.4% (n = 26) maintained the same diagnosis during follow-up. In particular, the diagnosis of schizophrenia was kept in 83.3% of patients after 5 years (n = 15, 18 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia after first admission). Diagnosis of acute and transient psychotic disorder and psychosis not otherwise specified were the least stable diagnosis after 5 years.ConclusionsThe diagnosis after a first psychotic episode has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. The presence of characteristic symptomatology, with periods of partial or total remission between subsequent episodes emphasizes the need for regular monitoring, since this group of patients appears to be more vulnerable to changes in diagnosis over time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
RESUMOIntrodução: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de comportamentos e sintomas relacionados ao desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos em crianças e adolescentes em uma população de 307 crianças acompanhadas em ambulatórios de pediatria do Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS), em Fortaleza, Ceará. Métodos: possíveis fatores associados ao desenvolvimeto de transtornos mentais. O SDQ possui 25 questões que compõem cinco subgrupos de sintomas psiquiátricos. Resultados: encontramos percentuais elevados de crianças com comportamento pró-social não normal (10,1%), hiperatividade (30,3%), sintomas emocionais (61,6%), problemas de conduta (45,9%) e problemas de relacionamento surgimento potencial de transtornos mentais: doença mental dos pais, depressão materna no período até 03 meses após o nascimento da criança e pais que não vivem juntos atualmente. Discussão: a prevalência de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes para o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais na criança estão relacionados aos pais. Palavras-chave:Crianças. Adolescentes. Psiquiatria. Comportamento social. Transtornos mentais. ABSTRACTIntroduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of behaviors and symptoms related to the development of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in a population of 307 children in a pediatric outpatient clinic at Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS) in Fortaleza, Ceará. Methods: the study, and a sociodemographic form developed by the authors, containing possible factors associated with the development of Results: we found high percentage of children with no normal social pro behavior (10.1%), hyperactivity (30.3%), emotional symptoms (61.6%), conduct problems (45.9%) and relationship problems with colleagues (32.9%). Univariate analysis revealed the following factors as
IntroductionPsychiatry's viewpoint of sexual deviance has waved between the normal and the pathological. “Normal” is not determined by nature but by the values of a specific society.AimsTo review the main landmarks in paraphilias history and the importance of social and cultural dimensions to it.MethodsPubMed database was searched using the keywords perversion, sexual deviance, paraphilia, culture and society.ResultsThroughout Middle Age and Renaissance any sexual act that differed from the natural/divine law was considered a vice. Unnatural vices (masturbation, sodomy, bestiality) were the most severely punished, as they could not result in conception. In 1886, Krafft-Ebing stated perversions were functional diseases of the sexual instinct caused by “hereditary taintedness” in the family pedigree and worsened by excessive masturbation. Proper perversions were sadism, masochism, antipathic sexuality (homosexuality, transvestism, transsexuality) and fetishism. Later, Havelock Ellis and Hirschfeld claimed sexual interest in the population followed a statistical norm, opposed the idea that masturbation led to diseases and demanded the decriminalization of homosexuality. Freud believed the “perverse disposition” to be universal in the childhood giving rise to healthy and pathological adult behaviors. In 1950's, Albert Kinsey surprised America when he proved many supposedly deviant sexual practices were quite common. The first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (1952) was mainly psychoanalytic. Later, by 1973, homosexuality was removed from classifications. Recently, DSM-5 distinguishes between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders.ConclusionA progress in the paraphilic instincts’ acceptance has occurred. We hypothesize, in the future, paraphilias will follow homosexuality out of the diseases’ classifications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Na última década, assistimos a uma grande revolução no meio da comunicação motivada pela internet, a mudanças no padrão de comportamento sexual e de escolha de parceiros entre jovens e adultos jovens, à inserção da mulher em cargos e funções antes ocupados apenas por homens, à ampliação das exigências profissionais para ingresso no mercado de trabalho e à reorganização na forma como a família se autodefine. A família, com sua imensa capacidade de adaptação, vem transformando-se sem deixar de cumprir funções estruturadas e definidoras para garantir a proteção e o cuidado das novas gerações e sua função social de transmitir padrões e normas. Neste breve artigo, objetiva-se discutir, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, como essa adaptação tem ocorrido dentro da família que está começando, que é constituída ainda apenas pelo casal, no momento da chegada do terceiro membro: o primeiro filho. Concluímos que, embora mudanças tenham ocorrido nos papéis de gênero ao longo dos últimos anos, a chegada do filho é um elemento que amplia a diferença desses papéis.
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