P Pu ur rp po os se e: : Previous studies on dexamethasone's antiemetic and analgesic potential in children undergoing tonsillectomy have produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of dexamethasone on the incidence and severity of postoperative vomiting and pain in children undergoing electrocautery tonsillectomy under standardized general anesthesia. M Me et th ho od ds s: :In a double-blinded study, 120 patients were randomly allocated to receive either dexamethasone 0.5 mg·kg -1 (maximum dose 8 mg) iv or an equivalent volume of saline preoperatively. The incidence of early and late vomiting, need for rescue antiemetics, time to first oral intake, time to first demand of analgesia and analgesic consumption were compared in both groups. Pain scores used included Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale, "faces", and a 0-10 visual analogue pain scale.R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Compared with placebo, dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of early and late vomiting (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 respectively). Fewer patients in the dexamethasone group needed antiemetic rescue (P < 0.01). The time to first oral intake was shorter, and the time to first dose of analgesic was longer in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.01). Pain scores 30 min after extubation were lower (P < 0.05) in the dexamethasone group. At 12 and 24 hr postoperative swallowing was still significantly less painful in the dexamethasone group than in the control group (P < 0.01).C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Preoperative dexamethasone 0.5 mg·kg -1 iv reduced both postoperative vomiting and pain in children after electrocautery tonsillectomy. ONSILLECTOMY is one of the most frequently performed ambulatory surgical procedures in children and is associated with an incidence of postoperative vomiting ranging between 40% and 73%. 1-3 The introduction of an electrodissection surgical technique has virtually eliminated immediate postoperative hemorrhage. However, it may cause more pain, discomfort Résultats : Comparée au placebo, la dexaméthasone a significativement réduit l'incidence de vomissements précoces et tardifs (P < 0,05, P < 0,001 respectivement). Peu de patients ayant reçu la dexaméthasone ont eu besoin d'antiémétique de secours (P < 0,01

The intraoperative use of a tenoxicam-impregnated gauze pack is effective in reducing moderate or severe postoperative sore throat following the use of throat pack.

1 Civil Engineersministry of housing, utilities and new urban communities. 2 projects mangment, Faculty of engineering, Ain shamis University . ABSTRACTGeopolymer cement (GPC) is made from aluminum and silicon, instead of calcium and silicon (OPC). Geopolymer are a type of inorganic polymer that can be formed at room temperature by using industrial waste (waste materials) such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), Metakilon (MK) and Red mud (RD) or by products as source materials to form a solid binder that looks like and performs a similar function to OPC. Geopolymer concrete gets advantage specification in resistivity to highly aggressive media and the resistivity to change in mechanical and physical characterization at high temperature compared to the traditional concrete. this paper mainly study the preparation of Geopolymer cement to using in concrete instead of Portland cement and discuss the effect different factors on the compressive strength of Geopolymer paste without natural and chemicals additive (the effect ratio of (slag , Metakilon, Red mud , sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate) Four parameters were studied. The first parameter, the effect of changing ratio between sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. NaOH : Na2SiO3 , secondly the effect of changing ratio between slag and Metakilon GGBFS :MK, thirdly the effect of changing ratio between slag and Red mud GGBFS :RM , fourthly the effect of changing degree curing temperature all samples curing different condition such as air , water , steam , oven . The results show that get high compressive strength at ratio between sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate (NaOH : Na 2 SiO 3 ), slag and Metakilon (GGBFS :MK) , slag and Red mud ( GGBFS :RM) is 1:2.5 , 0.95:0.05 , 0.90:0.10 respectively and the best mix have high compressive strength at various combinations between slag, Metakilon and Red mud by ratio GGBFS : MK : RM is 0.85:0.05:0.10. By inspecting the result it can be noticed that in case geopolymer concrete the best curing method gives high compressive strength in oven are compared air, steam, water and steam curing is better than air, water and air curing is better than water curing and the effect temperature curing type on compressive strength, Regardless of the compressive strength of samples increases with the increase in curing temperature. 1 Civil Engineersministry of housing, utilities and new urban communities.2 projects mangment, Faculty of engineering, Ain shamis University .ABSTRACT Geopolymer cement (GPC) is made from aluminum and silicon, instead of calcium and silicon (OPC). Geopolymer are a type of inorganic polymer that can be formed at room temperature by using industrial waste (waste materials) such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), Metakilon (MK) and Red mud (RD) or by products as source materials to form a solid binder that looks like and performs a similar function to OPC. Geopolymer concrete gets advantage specification in resistivity to highly aggressive media and the resistivity to change in mechanical...