Objective. To analyze the current state of diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (CHL) for the period 2010–2021 in the Republic of Belarus on the example of patients in the Dobrush District of the Gomel Region and to identify shortcomings for the subsequent development of measures to prevent malignant diseases of the larynx. Material and research methods. The material for the study was patients of the Dobrush District of the Gomel Region (61 patients: 39 (64%) men and 22 (36%) women) with a diagnosis of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis who are registered with an otorhinolaryngologist. The median age at diagnosis was 45.6 years (18 to 76 years). In the age distribution, 2 peaks were observed: from 36 to 40 years and from 51 to 55 years – 16% (10 out of 61) of the entire group, 87% of patients were of working age. Results and discussion. Patients with precancerous diseases of the larynx, who are on regular medical check-up in the Dobrush Central District Hospital, were analyzed. Age-specific incidence rates were analyzed and differentiated by gender and place of residence. The analysis of symptoms, the time spent by patients on regular medical check-up, the frequency of visits to the otorhinolaryngologist in the order of regular medical check-up was carried out. All patients had voice changes of various nature and severity: 50 (82%) patients complained of hoarseness, 6 (10%), of hoarseness, 5 (8%) had aphonia. More than half of the patients had the following complaints: feeling of a coma or a foreign body in the throat – 90%, the presence of a cough not associated with colds – 75%, and shortness of breath on exertion – 70% of patients. The median time spent by patients on regular medical check-up was 5 years (from 0 for patients registered in 2021 to 30 years). The frequency of visiting an otorhinolaryngologist in the order of regular medical check-up was from 1 time in 2–4 months (10% of patients) up to 1 time in 5 years (3%), 44% – 1 time per year, 27 (44%) patients received outpatient treatment, 5 (8%) patients received inpatient treatment, and 29 (48%) patients received both outpatient and inpatient treatment. During inpatient treatment, 16 (47%) hospitalized patients underwent surgical treatment to remove hyperplastic areas of the mucosa, the rest received antibiotic therapy, 15 (44%) patients underwent a biopsy. Conclusion. The study revealed a number of problems in the diagnosis and treatment of CHL, the main of which is the establishment of a generalized clinical diagnosis without performing a biopsy and clarifying the form of CHL and, as a result, conducting numerous ineffective courses of conservative treatment, both on an outpatient basis and in a hospital setting. It is necessary to develop a system of measures to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with CHL and the prevention of malignant neoplasms of the larynx.
Objective: to analyze the distribution of the cohort of patients with malignant tumors of ENT organs in Gomel region over 1998-2012. Material and methods. We analyzed the absolute case numbers of cancer of the larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The patients were grouped in accordance with sex, age, and tumor stage. Results. The most common sites of ENT tumor were: the larynx - 40 %, the hypopharynx - 27 %, the oropharynx - 24 % (2010-2012). The dynamics of the sites: stable number of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, increase in the number of patients with oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer. The ratio of 50-64 year-old patients increased. More than half of the cases of cancer of the oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are detected at III-IV tumor stage. Conclusion. The annual number of patients with tumors of ENT organs in Gomel region is more than 200 and is increasing due to the cases of oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer. More than 90 % of the patients are men of the employable age. Early diagnosis of tumors of ENT organs stays a topical issue in the region.
In the article the questions of diagnostics and treatment of patients with recurrent papillomatosis of larynx, singular papillomas and various forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis from the present-day view-points have been presented. The most optimal schemes of treatment for recurrent papillomatosis of larynx were suggested.
Objectives. To analyze the main age-specific data of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the larynx in the Republic of Belarus during 2000-2019. Material and methods. The age indicators of the incidence were compared for the entire population and differentiated by sex and area of residence in 2000-2004 and 2015-2019. The distribution according to the stages was studied during 2000-2019 for the entire population and differentiated by sex and area of residence, as well as separately for people of working age. Results. The highest incidence was observed in age groups from 55 to 74 years for the entire population both in 2000-2004 and in 2015-2019. The peak incidence was noted in the age groups from 60 to 64 years both in 2015-2019 (23.3 per 100,000) and in 2000-2004 (19.8 per 100,000). The increase of the incidence occurred in the age groups 55 years and older. The largest increase of the incidence was 1.3 in the group of people aged 60-64 years in 2015-2019 compared to 2000-2004. The growth rate was more pronounced among rural residents in comparison with the urban ones. The average age of patients in 2000-2004 was 60.1 years, whereas in 2015-2019 it was 61.2 years. The average proportion of cases of malignant larynx neoplasms diagnosed at stages I-II made up 46% with some regional fluctuations. Conclusions. The age-specific distribution of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the larynx in the Republic of Belarus did not undergo any significant changes during 2000-2019. The highest incidence rates were noted in the age groups from 55 to 74 years. An increase of the incidence was noted in people aged 55 and over. The proportion of cases of malignant neoplasms of the larynx of stage III-IV exceeded that of cases of stage I-II throughout the whole study period.
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