The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM) and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM) and 2iP (12.30 muM). The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.
The black pepper, Piper nigrum L., which originated in Índia, is the World's most important commercial spice. Brazil has a germplasm collection of this species preserved at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa-Eastern Amazonia) where efforts are being made to generation information on the patterns of genetic variation and develop strategies for conservation and management of black pepper. Molecular markers of the SSR type are powerful tools for the description of material preserved in genetic resources banks, due to characteristics such as high levels of polymorphism, codominance and Mendelian segregation. Given this, we developed nine microsatellite markers from an enriched library of Piper nigrum L. Twenty varieties clonal from the Brazilian germplasm collection were analyzed, and observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged over 0.11-1.00 and 0.47-0.87, respectively. The nine microsatellite loci characterized here will contribute to studies of genetic diversity and conservation of Piper nigrum L.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer o protocolo para a produção de plântulas in vitro a partir da conversão de embriões zigóticos de açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Os embriões zigóticos maduros foram excisados sob condições assépticas, a partir de sementes obtidas de frutos maduros, e cultivados em tubos de ensaio com 10 mL de meio MS modificado pela presença de 0,17 g.L-1 de NaH2PO4, com 0,6 % de ágar, 0,25 % de carvão ativado e 3 % de sacarose. Foram testadas diferentes combinações de ANA (0,54; 2,68 e 5,37 miM) e BAP (0,44; 1,11; 1,55 e 2,22 miM) e uma testemunha adicional. Em média, os tratamentos constituídos da combinação de ANA e BAP foram superiores à testemunha para todas as variáveis avaliadas. As concentrações de 0,54 e 2,68 miM de ANA promoveram, em média, maior formação de plântulas normais quando comparado com 5,37 miM de ANA. O maior comprimento da parte aérea foi induzido pela presença de 2,68 miM de ANA combinado com 1,11; 1,55 e 2,22 miM de BAP. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre as concentrações de ANA e BAP para a percentagem de conversão de embriões e número de raízes por plântula
Piper tuberculatum is an exotic Piper from the Amazon region that shows resistance to infection by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, causal agent of Fusarium disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). In this work we aimed to study the interaction between P. tuberculatum and F. solani f. sp. piperis at a molecular level, using suppression subtractive hybridization to identify genes potentially related to Fusarium disease resistance. Comparative sequence analysis confirmed that clones isolated here show a high identity with genes coding for proteins that have a known role in plant defense response mechanisms, such as peroxidase, hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein and CBL-interacting protein kinase. The present study constitutes the first effort to understand the molecular basis of this plant-pathogen interaction, identifying genes which may be used in the future genetic improvement of black pepper.
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