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SUMMARYWe report three new rickettsiosis human cases in Uruguay. The three clinical cases presented clinical manifestations similar to previous reported cases of Rickettsia parkeri in the United States; that is mild fever (< 40 o C), malaise, headache, rash, inoculation eschar at the tick bite site, regional lymphadenopathy, and no lethality. Serological antibody-absorption tests with purified antigens of R. parkeri and Rickettsia rickettsii, associated with immunofluorescence assay indicated that the patients in two cases were infected by R. parkeri. Epidemiological and clinical evidences, coupled with our serological analysis, suggest that R. parkeri is the etiological agent of human cases of spotted fever in Uruguay, a disease that has been recognized in that country as cutaneous-ganglionar rickettsiosis.

Fastness, simplicity and low cost of the fresh examination lead us to recommend systematic use of the method for primary diagnosis of the disease, mainly at first level public health laboratories.

Three autochthonous cases of cutaneous-ganglionar rickettsiosis transmitted by dogs ticks (Amblyomma maculatum in one of them) are reported. Two of the three cases were undoubtely produced by Rickettsia conorii according to the results of the specific indirect immunofluorescence technique IEF-IgM anti R. conorii. A third case is included due to the clinical epidemiological similarity, the positive serum reactivity with Proteus O x 19 and the rapid response to tetracycline. Autochthonous rickettsiosis by R. conorii has not been previously registered in the American area what confers special interest to this communication. The search of the disease in the other countries of the region is suggested.

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