Production of capsule and conidia by yeast-like cells of<i>Phialophora spinifera</i>and<i>Phialophora jeanselmei</i>

Mackinnon, J. E.; Gezuele, E.; Conti‐Díaz, I.A.; Giménez, Ana C. de

doi:10.1080/00362177385190071

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The observation of yeast cells with capsules helps distinguish Exophiala spinifera from other species; Exophiala dermatitidis, outside the Exophiala spinifera clade, is the only other capsuleforming black yeast [28]. Mackinnon et al [29] reported the production of capsules by yeast-like cells of Exophiala jeanselmei, but the identities of the strains were not confirmed. Exophiala spinifera is also characteristic in its conidiophores and annellated zones, the latter being long-cylindrical with numerous annellations as is clearly observed with scanning electron microscopy [30].…”

Section: Morphological Identificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exophiala spiniferaand its allies: diagnostics from morphology to DNA barcoding

Zeng

Hoog

2008

Med Mycol

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Diagnostic features of morphology, physiology, serology and genetics of species belonging to the Exophiala spinifera clade (including 11 species: Exophiala oligosperma, E. spinifera, E. xenobiotica, E. jeanselmei, E. exophialae, E. nishimurae, E. bergeri, E. nigra, Rhinocladiella similis, Ramichloridium basitonum and Phaeoannellomyces elegans), comprising a large number of human-associated Exophiala species, are summarized. Several species have closely similar morphological characters and physiological profiles. Taxonomy is therefore primarily based on sequence diversity of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Multilocus sequencing has shown that ITS is reliable for identification of the species in this clade, and is a therefore a good candidate for barcoding species of Exophiala. Species-specific fragments were searched in the ITS region of species in the Exophiala spinifera clade and can be used to design probes for diagnosis by hybridization.

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Section: Morphological Identificationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exophiala spiniferaand its allies: diagnostics from morphology to DNA barcoding

Zeng

Hoog

2008

Med Mycol

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“…We isolated six strains of P. verrucosa in Botucatu. E. spinifera was isolated from nature by Mackinnon et al (1973), by Dixon et al (1980) and Nishimura (1994). According to these surveys, E. spinifera prevails in South America and China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of fungi from nature in the region of Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis

Montenegro

Miyaji

Franco

et al. 1996

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…It also has been reported as a contaminant of histological staining solutions to complicate histophatological diagnoses [35], Exophiala jeanselmei has been beautifully illustrated by McGinnis [36, 371 and by deHoog [38] who has proposed different varieties based upon variations of the main theme of E. jeanselmei. Exophiala spinifira [39] may produce some annellides resembling those of E. jeanselmei, but also produces longer, spine-like annellides and may produce yeast-like cells as indicated above in the section on macroscopic morphology; the yeast form may be induced by culture on Czapek-Dox agar [40]. Some authors have described the presence of a capsule around the yeast cells of E. spinifera observed in India ink preparations [40].…”

Section: Annellidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exophiala spinifira [39] may produce some annellides resembling those of E. jeanselmei, but also produces longer, spine-like annellides and may produce yeast-like cells as indicated above in the section on macroscopic morphology; the yeast form may be induced by culture on Czapek-Dox agar [40]. Some authors have described the presence of a capsule around the yeast cells of E. spinifera observed in India ink preparations [40].…”

Section: Annellidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification

Dixon

Polak-Wyss

1991

Mycoses

128

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Summary. Dematiaceous fungi include a large group of organisms that are darkly pigmented (dark brown, olivaceous, or black). In most cases the pigment is melanin, and specifically, dihydroxyna‐phthalene melanin. The diseases produced include chromoblastomycosis, eumycotic mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. Phaeohyphomycosis is a new classification for a diverse group of previously known entities grouped together on the basis of finding dematiaceous hyphal and/or yeast‐like forms in tissue; tissue involvement may be superficial, cutaneous and corneal, subcutaneous, or systemic. Identification of these fungi is based mostly upon morphology. Important structures include annellides (Phaeoannellomyces, Exophiala), phialides (Phialophora, Wangiella), adelophialides (Phialemonium without collarettes, Lecythophora with collarettes), differentiation of conidiophores (Xylohypha versus Cladosporium) and conidial hilum, septation and germination (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Useful laboratory tests include the 12% gelatin test (controversial), nitrate assimilation (W. dermatiti‐dis is negative, most other species are positive), and determination of temperature maxima (especially 37 °C for E. jeanselmei, 40 °C for W. dermatitidis and B. spicifera, 42 °C for X. bantiana, and 45 °C for Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava and Sce‐dosporium inflatum). Zusammenfassung. Die Schwärzepilze (Dema‐tiaceae) stellen eine umfangreiche Gruppe von Organismen dar, die dunkel pigmentiert sind (dunkelbraun, olivfarben oder schwarz). In den meisten Fällen handelt es sich beim Pigment um Melanin, insbesondere um Dihydroxynaphthalenmelanin. Die Krankheiten, die diese Pilze verursachen, umfassen Chromoblastomykose, Eumyzetom und Phaeohyphomykose. Phaeohyphomykose ist eine neue Klassifikation für eine unterschiedliche Gruppe bereits früher bekannter Entitäten, bei denen Schwärzefadenpilze und/oder ‐hefepilze im Gewebe nachweisbar sind; der Gewebsbefall kann oberflächlich kutan und korneal, subkutan oder systemisch sein. Die Identifizierung dieser Pilze stützt sich vornehmlich auf ihre Morphologie. Wichtige Strukturen umfassen Anneliden (Phaeoannelomyces, Exophiala), Phialiden (Phialophora, Wangiella), Ade‐lophialiden (Phialemonium mit Kollaretten, Lecythophora mit Kollaretten), bedeutsam ist ferner die Differenzierung von Konidiophoren (Xylohypha versus Cladosporium) und konidialen Hila, die Sep‐tierung und Auskeimung (Bipolaris, Drechslera, Exserohilum). Wichtige Labortests sind der 12%‐Ge‐latine‐Test (umstritten), die Nitratassimilation (W. dermatitidis ist negativ, die meisten anderen Arten sind positiv) und die Bestimmung der Temperatur‐maxima (insbesondere 37 °C für E. jeanselmei, 40 °C für W. dermatitidis und B. spicifera, 42 °C für X. bantiana and 45 °C für Dactylaria constricta var. gallopava und Scedesporium inflatum).

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Production of capsule and conidia by yeast-like cells ofPhialophora spiniferaandPhialophora jeanselmei

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Exophiala spiniferaand its allies: diagnostics from morphology to DNA barcoding

Exophiala spiniferaand its allies: diagnostics from morphology to DNA barcoding

Isolation of fungi from nature in the region of Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis

The medically important dematiaceous fungi and their identification

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