Providing social support, enhancing maternal identity, and facilitating maternal-fetal attachment in the antepartum period are recommended to improve postpartum maternal sensitivity. Also, in future research, a path-type model or structural equation model including other variables, such as postnatal depression, needs to be developed and tested for optimal adaptation to becoming a mother.

This concept analysis should help nurses to understand the process of becoming a mother in a neonatal intensive care unit and plan appropriate interventions for mothers with special needs.

A clear understanding of the concept of maternal sensitivity could be useful for developing ways to enhance maternal sensitivity and to maximize the developmental potential of infants. Knowledge of the attributes of maternal sensitivity identified in this concept analysis may be helpful for constructing measuring items or dimensions.

Background-Inconsistent findings on ethnic differences in cancer pain experience suggest the need for further studies on this topic for adequate cancer pain management.

Most items of the Korean version of the Maternal Attachment Inventory were adequate for measuring mothers' affectionate attachment. The instrument, however, exhibited weaknesses in the psychometric properties related to validity and reliability, particularly regarding the three items included in the third factor. More studies using factor analysis of the Maternal Attachment Inventory are needed.

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Use of a wide variety of quality of life (QoL) instruments, each measuring a different aspect of menopause with a different type of underlying scale, has been a major problem in menopause research. The aim of this review was to identify instruments developed for menopausal women and evaluate the psychometric properties and appropriateness of instruments for the study of QoL in menopausal women. Seven measures from 16 papers were chosen for the review. The psychometric evaluations were conducted based on quality judgment criteria. Of the seven measures reviewed in this study, the psychometric quality scores of Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) was the highest. However, the result indicates that most instruments of menopause-specific QoL need further testing and evaluation of the various aspects of their psychometric properties. In addition, future research assessing psychometric properties with cross-cultural samples may be beneficial in adapting measures to specific context and study populations.