Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful tool in the assessment of bone quality. However, the use of Raman spectroscopy to assess collagen quality in bone is less established than mineral quality. Because postyield mechanical properties of bone are mostly determined by collagen rather than the mineral phase, it is essential to identify new spectroscopic biomarkers that help infer the status of collagen quality. Amide I and amide III bands are uniquely useful for collagen conformational analysis. Thus, the first aim of this work was to identify the regions of amide bands that are sensitive to thermally induced denaturation. Collagen sheets and bone were thermally denatured to identify spectral measures that change significantly following denaturation. The second aim was to assess whether mechanical damage denatures the collagen phase of bone, as reflected by the molecular spectroscopic biomarkers identified in the first aim. The third aim was to assess the correlation between these new spectroscopic biomarkers and postyield mechanical properties of cortical bone. Our results revealed five peaks whose intensities were sensitive to thermal and mechanical denaturation: $1245, $1270, and $1320 cm -1 in the amide III band, and $1640 and $1670 cm -1 in the amide I band. Four peak intensity ratios derived from these peaks were found to be sensitive to denaturation: 1670/1640, 1320/1454, 1245/1270, and 1245/1454. Among these four spectral biomarkers, only 1670/1640 displayed significant correlation with all postyield mechanical properties. The overall results showed that these peak intensity ratios can be used as novel spectroscopic biomarkers to assess collagen quality and integrity. The changes in these ratios with denaturation may reflect alterations in the collagen secondary structure, specifically a transition from ordered to less-ordered structure. The overall results clearly demonstrate that this new spectral information, specifically the ratio of 1670/1640, can be used to understand the involvement of collagen quality in the fragility of bone.
Background. The causes of musculoskeletal pain are various diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including osteoporosis, osteochondrosis, arthritis, bone tumors, myalgia, etc. Despite the progress of pharmacology and modern clinical medicine, the problem of pain therapy remains an urgent medical and social problem. One of the preparations of choice for such patients is methocarbomol, a central-acting muscle relaxant whose effect is caused by a general depressant effect on the central nervous system. Objective. The aim of the work is a critical analysis of current scientific data on the safety and efficacy of the use of methocarbamol as a muscle relaxant mediating analgesic action. Methods. Analysis and systematization of current scientific data on clinical study of safety and efficacy of methocarbamol preparations in various pathologies. Results. The results of controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials on the efficacy of methocarbamol have been analyzed, as well as a critical evaluation of data on clinical safety studies. Conclusions. Methocarbamol is characterized by a favorable safety profile when administered either orally or in injectable form. The incidence of side effects does not exceed that of other commonly used myelorelaxants. Methocarbamol has proven to be an effective and safe drug for use as a supplement to exercise regimen (muscle rest), physiotherapy and other activities to ease the discomfort associated with acute musculoskeletal disorders.
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