Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. Previously, we reported that the mixture extract (ME) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (AP) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) could ameliorate gout arthritis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ME and characterize the mechanism. We compared the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of a positive control, Perna canaliculus powder (PC). The results showed that one-off and one-week treatment of ME reduced the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner (from 10 to 100 mg/kg) in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. ME also reduced the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, ME inhibited the release of NO, PGE2, LTB4, and IL-6, increased the phosphorylation of PPAR-γ protein, and downregulated TNF-α and MAPKs proteins expression in a concentration-dependent (from 1 to 100 µg/mL) manner. Furthermore, ME ameliorated the progression of ear edema in mice. In most of the experiments, ME-induced effects were almost equal to, or were higher than, PC-induced effects. Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that ME shows anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, indicating ME may be a potential therapeutic for arthritis treatment.
Equilibrium structure and anharmonic force field of hypofluorous acid (HOF)The Raman spectra of solid HOF, DOF, and an HOF/DOF mixture have been measured. Two of the three internal vibrations (the O-F and O-H stretches) were seen, and the coincide with the bands previously, found in the infrared spectrum of the solid. Six low frequency intermolecular bands found in the infrared have been interpreted in terms of a hydrogen-bonded structure consisting of planar zigzag chains, similar to the chains that constitute the structure of solid HF.1664
Licorice is used as a medicinal plant, and several studies have shown that licorice has beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of nonpolar licorice extract using toxicity experiments. Nonpolar extract from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (NERG) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant ability was determined by method of TPC and DPPH. Blood pressure was monitored by using blood pressure meter. In the acute study, a single dose (2,000 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice. In the subchronic study, mice were treated with extract at doses (50, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) for 120 days.Significantly difference was not shown at blood pressure, hematological, and biochemical parameters, and histopathology on mice. The results suggested that at acute and subchronic toxicity, each levels of nonpolar licorice extract administration in experiments did not cause toxicity effects or death on mice. K E Y W O R D S acute toxicity, de-glycyrrhizin, licorice, nonpolar extract, subchronic toxicity, toxicology | 2243 KIM et al. 2017). Since information about the toxicity of licorice extract is limited, it is important to conduct studies to assess the safety of nonpolar licorice root extract. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of nonpolar licorice root extract in mice by utilizing acute and subchronic toxicity tests. Our aim is to provide valuable information regarding the usage of this extract. | MATERIAL S AND ME THODS | Plant material, preparation of extraction, and administration of extractThe root of licorice was obtained from Deagwang korean plant sales, Chuncheon, Korea. The specimen of G. uralensis was confirmed to Seoul national university and deposited in the Regional Innovation Center (RIC; #040322) of the Hallym University, Chuncheon.The plant root was air-dried and then soaked in a mixture of solvent (Hexane:Ethanol = 9:1) for 24 hr. After 24 hr, the extraction was filtered and concentrated at 37°C using a rotary evaporator (Vacuubrand, CVC 3000). The nonpolar extract from the root of G. uralensis (NERG) was administered orally, in the shape of a pellet, for the acute and subchronic toxicity studies. | Chemical and reagentsAll chemicals were analytical grade. Acetonitrile was acquired from J. T. Baker Chemical Company. Acetic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.