The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extract

Abstract

Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and inflammation in a joint. Previously, we reported that the mixture extract (ME) from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (AP) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) could ameliorate gout arthritis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of ME and characterize the mechanism. We compared the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of a positive control, Perna canaliculus powder (PC). The results showed that one-off and one-week treatment of ME reduced the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner (from 10 to 100 mg/kg) in the mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model. ME also reduced the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, ME inhibited the release of NO, PGE2, LTB4, and IL-6, increased the phosphorylation of PPAR-γ protein, and downregulated TNF-α and MAPKs proteins expression in a concentration-dependent (from 1 to 100 µg/mL) manner. Furthermore, ME ameliorated the progression of ear edema in mice. In most of the experiments, ME-induced effects were almost equal to, or were higher than, PC-induced effects. Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that ME shows anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, indicating ME may be a potential therapeutic for arthritis treatment.

Promising Antiviral Activity of Agrimonia pilosa Phytochemicals against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Supported with In Vivo Mice Study

“…In addition, LPS-induced oxidative stress was confirmed by reducing TAC and NO elevation in lung tissues. APEE treated group restored TAC levels and decreased NO levels and these antioxidant effects are in accordance with other studies [40,43].…”

“…The underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of APEE may be due to their flavonoids which were proven previously to have strong anti-inflammatory effects. According to data obtained from LC/MS, it is concluded that APEE contains numerous flavonoids including but are not limited to quercetin, isoquercitrin, hesperetin, luteolin, rutin, kaempferol, apigenin, and esculin and all have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [40,43,44] which may explain the promising protective effects of APEE in LPS-induced ALI due to its enormous components of valuable flavonoids.…”

Diagnostic Value of SonoVue Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Nipple Discharge Based on Artificial Intelligence

“…For large data sets, the “big data + complex model” mode can effectively improve learning efficiency [ 19 ]. Therefore, this study introduces the Mini-Batch gradient descent algorithm to optimize the unsupervised learning model in the processing of large data sets.…”

Application Potential of Plant-Derived Medicines in Prevention and Treatment of Platinum-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity

“…Compared to control animals in a cisplatin-induced neuropathic model, Agrimonia eupatoria extract showed significant differences and superior activity in the pin-prick test, plantar test, and paw-withdrawal threshold test. A recent study reported on Agrimonia eupatoria extract showed that its analgesic molecular mechanisms were associated with the downregulation of TNF-α and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein expression, as well as with the inhibition of the release of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) ( Feng et al, 2021 ). Therefore, Agrimonia eupatoria may be deemed a potential therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain.…”