In recent times, technologies based on the imitation of nature have attracted considerable attention. Lotus leaves are known for their self-cleaning effect. The micrometer-scale papillae structure and the epicuticular wax on the lotus leaf contribute to this effect. In a manner similar to the self-cleaning property of lotus leaves, the wettability of solid surfaces is of great interest in daily life and industry. [1][2][3][4] Wettability is controlled by both the geometrical structure of a surface and a low surface energy material coating. A superhydrophobic surface is satisfied with a water contact angle of more than 150 o and a sliding angle of less than 10 o . On such a surface, a water drop has a perfectly spherical shape and it easily rolls off and removes deposited contaminants. A superhydrophobic surface thus protects a material from contamination, fogging, and snow deposition.A material coating with a lower surface energy on a flat surface has a water contact angle of less than 120 o . 5 This implies that a flat surface will be changed into a rough surface upon impact with the contact interface. Many methods have been reported for constructing micro-and nanostructures on a surface. For example, the sol-gel method, 6-8 anodization and plasma treatment, 9 microfabrication with photolithography, 10 solidification of an alkylketene dimer, 11 and application of a polymer [12][13][14][15][16] have been used to obtain a superhydrophobic surface. The presence of micro-and nanometer-scale structures on a surface involves trapping a large amount of air. This causes a reduction in the contact area between water and a solid surface. In addition to the micro-and nanostructures, a material coating with a low surface energy contributes to the superhydrophobicity of the surface. Fluorine-containing compounds have been commonly coated on solid materials in order to fabricate an artificial superhydrophobic surface. [17][18][19][20] Recently, the self-assembly of n-alkanoic acids on a metal surface has been used to prepare a superhydrophobic surface. [21][22] Au clusters on an ITO glass substrate were modified with n-dodecanethiol to obtain a water contact angle of 173 o . 23 A series of n-alkanoic acids was used to prepare a superhydrophobic surface. Depending on the chain length of the n-alkanonic acids, the contact angle on a flat surface was changed from 68 o to 113 o . 24 A wet chemical etching surface of an aluminum alloy was treated with stearic acid and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) to obtain a superhydrophobic surface. 25 Further, the superhydrophobic surface of a polyethyleneimine-coated aluminum wafer was obtained by its reaction with stearic acid and DCCD.26 DCCD was used as a dehydration reagent to form either an ester bond or an amide bond.Most methods for fabricating a superhydrophobic surface are either complicated or require the use of a special instrument. In this study, we have used a chemical deposition process to deposit metal clusters on a magnesium plate and have simply modified the plate with...
ZnO has been considered in various industrial applications owing to its piezoelectric properties and wide band gap of near ultraviolet. However, its application to optoelectronic and display devices is still very limited due to the difficulty in obtaining good and stable p-type ZnO.In order to study p-type ZnO(ZO:N), we developed a plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition(PEALD) system adopting an inductively coupled plasma(ICP) source; its plasma generation was carried out and ZnO thin films were fabricated using both PEALD and ALD process. Diethylzinc was used as a zinc precursor, H 2 O as an oxidant, nitrogen as a dopant, and argon as a carrier and purge gas. Self-limiting growth and doping effects were investigated at various flow rates, reaction times and radio-frequency powers. The properties of thin films were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), Auger electron spectroscopy(AES), Hall measurement, photoluminescence measurement(PL), Xray diffraction(XRD), etc. Detailed results will be presented.
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