A narrow-emitting red, green, and blue (RGB) perovskite quantum dot (PeQD)-based tricolored display system can widen the color gamut over the National Television System Committee (NTSC) to 120%, but this value is misleading with regard to the color perception of cyan and yellow reproduced in the narrow RGB spectra. We propose that a PeQD-based six-color display system can reproduce true-to-life spectral distributions with high fidelity, widen the color gamut, and close the cyan and yellow gap in the RGB tricolored display by adding cyan (Cy), yellowish green (Yg), and orange colors (Or). In this study, we demonstrated pure-colored CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I, or their halide mixtures; Cl/Br and Br/I) PeQD-based monochromatic down-converted light-emitting diodes (DC-LED) for the first time, and we incorporated PeQDs with UV-curable binders and long-wavelength-pass-dichroic filters (LPDFs). CsPbX3 PeQD-based pure Cy-, G-, Yg-, Or-, R-emitting monochromatic DC-LED provide luminous efficacy (LE) values of 81, 184, 79, 80, and 35 lm/W, respectively, at 20 mA. We also confirmed the suitability and the possibility of access to future color-by-blue backlights for field-sequential-color liquid crystal displays, using six-color multipackage white LEDs, as well as future six-colored light-emitting devices with high vision and color performance. The fabricated six-color multipackage white LEDs exhibited an appropriate LE (62 lm/W at total 120 mA), excellent color qualities (color rendering index (CRI) = 96, special CRI for red (R9) = 97) at a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6500 K, and a wide color gamut covering the NTSC up to 145% in the 1931 Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates space.

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In this study, we synthesized and characterized narrow-band red-emitting K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ phosphors in order to improve the color qualities of warm white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The deep red monochromatic LED was realized through fabricating a long wavelength pass dichroic filter (LPDF)-capped phosphor-converted LED (pc-LED) with a synthesized K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ phosphor. In addition, we introduced four-package white LEDs that combine InGaN blue (B) LED and LPDF-capped green (G), amber (A), and red (R) pc-LEDs to achieve the high color rendition at the warm white correlated color temperatures (CCTs, 2700 K) with the assistance of the narrow-band K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ red phosphor. We compared the optical properties, including the luminous efficacy (LE), luminous efficacy of radiation (LER), color rendering index (CRI), special CRI for strong red (R 9 ), and color quality scale (CQS), of fourpackage white LEDs through varying the red pc-LED with one narrow-band red-emitting phosphor and five wide-band red-emitting phosphors. The RAGB four-package white LED using narrow-band red-emitting K 2 SiF 6 :Mn 4+ phosphor exhibited high LE (107 lm/W) and ultrahigh color qualities (CRI = 94, R 9 = 93, and CQS = 93) at a CCT of 2700 K.

We investigated pseudoprogression (psPD) in patients with malignant gliomas treated with radiotherapy (RT) and maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) in terms of incidence, outcomes, and predictive and prognostic factors. We evaluated p53 overexpression by immunohistochemical analysis of thirty-five tumor samples as a predictor for psPD. The time to progression and overall survival were compared between subgroups, psPD versus early progression (ePD) versus nonprogression (nonPD). Eight patients developed psPD among eighteen patients with lesion enlargement at the first MRI scan, and the others were classified as ePD. The remaining stable or improved patients were classified as nonPD. All patients with psPD were alive at last follow-up (median follow-up period was 12 months; range 5.8-58.5 months). Overall survival of psPD patients was significantly higher than ePD patients (P < 0.01). There was no significant survival difference between the psPD group and nonPD group (P = 0.25). Seven (87.5%) of eight tumors with psPD showed p53 overexpression, as compared to 3 (30%) of the ten tumors with ePD (P = 0.03). Our study indicates that psPD following chemoradiotherapy with TMZ is associated with significantly better overall survival compared to that of ePD, and is comparable to nonPD group. Overexpression of p53 was identified as a potential biomarker for predicting the development of psPD.