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The Redox-active monolayer of a novel calix[4]arene recognizing redox-inactive ionic species by voltammetry is reported. Calix[4]arene-disulfide-diquinone, which is not only redox-active but is also a highly selective ionophore for the Ba2+ ion, spontaneously forms a stable and dense monolayer film on gold. The redox-active calixarene monolayer selectively recognizes Ba2+ ion in aqueous media, and the voltammetric signals are proportional to the ionic concentration. A new voltammetric peak can be detected by square-wave voltammetry upon adding a dilute solution containing Ba2+ ion having a concentration as low as 1.0 x 10(-6) M. The Langmuir plot (1/ip vs 1/[Ba2+]) shows a linear slope in the range from 1.0 x 10(-6) M to 1.0 x 10(-4) M. This modified electrode does not show any significant interference from alkali and alkaline earth metal ions except for Sr2+ and Ca2+. Only 100- and 500-fold concentrations of Sr2+ and Ca2+ ions, respectively, can lead to voltammetric responses comparable to that of Ba2+.

Recent advances in automated cell counters enable us to count cells more easily with consistency. However, the wide use of the traditional vital dye trypan blue (TB) raises environmental and health concerns due to its potential teratogenic effects. To avoid this chemical hazard, it is of importance to introduce an alternative non-hazardous vital dye that is compatible with automated cell counters. Erythrosin B (EB) is a vital dye that is impermeable to biological membranes and is used as a food additive. Similarly to TB, EB stains only nonviable cells with disintegrated membranes. However, EB is less popular than TB and is seldom used with automated cell counters. We found that cell counting accuracy with EB was comparable to that with TB. EB was found to be an effective dye for accurate counting of cells with different viabilities across three different automated cell counters. In contrast to TB, EB was less toxic to cultured HL-60 cells during the cell counting process. These results indicate that replacing TB with EB for use with automated cell counters will significantly reduce the hazardous risk while producing comparable results.

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The aim of this case report was to report the course of treatment for advanced paranasal sinus infection triggered by peri-implantitis, managed using functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), with outcomes. A nonsmoking male patient received sinus augmentation with implant placement on his left posterior maxilla 15 years ago. Possibly due to noncompliance to maintenance, peri-implantitis developed and progressed into the augmented bone area in the maxilla. Eventually, maxillary sinusitis occurred concomitantly with a spread of the infection to the other paranasal sinuses. Implant removal and intraoral debridement of inflammatory tissue were performed, but there was no resolution. Subsequently, FESS was performed, with removal of nasal polyp and sequestrum. After FESS, the patient's sinusitis resolved. Histologically, the sequestrum was composed of bone substitute particles, necrotic bone, stromal fibrosis, and a very limited cellular component. Two implants were placed on the present site, and no adverse event occurred for up to 1 year after the insertion of the final prosthesis. Peri-implantitis in the posterior maxilla can trigger maxillary sinusitis with concomitant infection to the neighboring paranasal sinuses. FESS should be considered to treat this condition.

An electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL)‐based immunosensor for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been fabricated using Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles and calix[4]crown‐5 self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Ru(bpy)32+‐doped silica nanoparticles are prepared by the water‐in‐oil (W/O) microemulsion method. ProLinker B, a commercially available thiolated calix[4]crown‐5 derivative, is utilized for the immobilization of anti‐immunoglobulin G (Anti‐IgG) on a gold electrode. The concentration of IgG is measured using a sandwich‐type ECL immunosensor based on the proposed immunosensor. The ECL intensity is linearly proportional to the IgG concentration over the concentration range 5–30 µg mL−1. The detection limit of IgG is 1.5 µg mL−1.

The present study aimed to identify and report the association of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) with advanced peri-implantitis and implant removal, and further promote the awareness of this newly emerging complication. Four female patients presented with discomfort and pain on the dental implants placed 5–16 years ago. They were prescribed oral bisphosphonate after 3–14 years of post-implant osseointegration. Owing to advanced peri-implantitis, all the patients underwent implant removal, following which, they developed BRONJ. Initially, in a clinical setting of private practice, antibiotic medications were prescribed, and surgical debridement was performed. However, only one patient could be successfully treated. The symptoms persisted and worsened in the other three patients. They were subsequently referred to University hospitals for further treatment. Many dentists assess the risk of BRONJ before implant placement. However, an increasing number of patients initiate bisphosphonate medication for osteoporosis and other reasons because of increased life expectancy and availability of medical care; these factors may pose a significant impact on patients with advanced peri-implantitis. Therefore, in light of these findings, dentists should be aware of the possibility of BRONJ in such cases.