The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of life in stroke patients using a swallowing quality of life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire. The correlation between SWAL-QOL questionnaire outcome and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) scores in stroke patients was also determined. This cross-sectional study was retrospectively conducted with 75 stroke patients with dysphagia symptoms. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and SWAL-QOL questionnaires were performed for all patients. These patients were divided into an oral feeding group and a tube feeding group. SWAL-QOL scores were compared between the 2 groups. The severity of dysphagia was estimated by VDS scores according to the videofluoroscopic swallowing study results. The relationships between SWAL-QOL scores and VDS scores were also investigated. The composite score was 48.82 ± 19.51 for the tube feeding group and 53.17 ± 25.42 for the oral feeding group. There were significant differences in burden and sleep subdomains of the SWAL-QOL between the 2 groups ( P = .005 and P = .012, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the composite score of SWAL-QOL outcome and the total VDS score ( r = −0.468, P = .012). The pharyngeal-phase score of the VDS had significant negative correlations with the SWAL-QOL subdomains of burden ( r = −0.327, P = .013), mental health ( r = −0.348, P = .008), and social functioning ( r = −0.365, P = .029). To improve the quality of life of stroke patients, dysphagia rehabilitation should focus on the pharyngeal phase of dysphagia.

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The sourcddrain junction leakage currents of lightly doped drain(LDD) MOSFET for various gate sidewall spacer materials have been measured and analyzed. Since the step coverages of spacer materials and the etch rates of field oxide during the gate sidewall spacer etch process are different,the junction leakage currents are found to be different for three different spacer materials. Therefore, the comer defects formed at the boundaries between the source/drain substrate and the field oxide have different depth. The deeper the comer defects form, the more the junction leakage currents flow. The defects are generated by the damage from n+ source/drain As75 implant process following the gate sidewall spacer etch.

In comparison with some other light sources, LED has merits such as long lifetime, pollution free, and high energy efficiency. Lately, due to development of LED with high brightness and capacity, LED, which has been applied in display system only, has applied in the field of lighting system. As power LED for lighting system can be burned out by heat problem, the driving current of power LED has to be controlled below the designed value. In this paper, power LED photovoltaic lighting system, which has the current limitting function, has been described. After photovoltaic power is generated from PV panel. it is charged into a battery. And then, after the charged power is converted to DC24[V] through a boost DC-DC converter, it is supplied to power LED at night. It has been validated by designing and testing of 72[W] power LED lighting system, which includes a PV charger, a boost DC-DC converter and a current limiter for driving power LED.

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This paper presents a multi output converter system that controls, simultaneously and independently, the separate Buck converter and Boost converter with the different specification by one DSP digital controller. As two separate converters are regulated by only one DSP, it is possible to achieve the simple digital control circuit for regulating the multi output DC-DC converter. By setting the software switch state, PI or Fuzzy controller can be applied as a controller for each converter without any change of hardware. Also, PI and Fuzy control characteristics of each DC-DC converter is validated by experimental results.