With the increase in the older population, there is a concern for health in older adults. This study aimed to develop a physical exercise program that combined walking and gymnastics for older adults residing in rural areas and to evaluate its effect on their physiological and psychological health and physical function. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Participants were aged 65 years or older, with 94 and 130 participants in the experimental and control group, respectively. The program was implemented for seven months, from April–October 2016. Walking and gymnastics were performed once a week each, for about 60 and 50 min, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, or Mann–Whitney U test. Results revealed that the experimental group participants displayed improved waist circumference (t = 1.70, p = 0.045), body mass index (U = 4691.00, p = 0.002), depressive symptoms (t = −2.94, p = 0.002), upper limb strength (t = 2.27, p = 0.012), and lower limb strength (t = 3.86, p < 0.001). Therefore, it can be presumed that the physical exercise program was effective and beneficial for older adults living in rural areas. This program is expected to contribute to maintaining and improving their health if implemented regularly in the future.
Purpose: This study was done to evaluated the effects of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education on college women's knowledge of HPV, health beliefs (perceived severity and perceived susceptibility), and preventive behavior intention. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with repeated measures was used. Participants were 125 female college students in one university, assigned to an experimental group (72 students) and control group (53 students). Results: Two weeks after the intervention, the experimental group reported higher scores of knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and preventive behavior intention than the control group. All follow-up scores except intention measured at 5 weeks after the intervention from the experimental group remained still higher than those from the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the variable of preventive behavior intention which is believed to be the closest predictor of real vaccination rate could be affected by the education, but did not remain at the same level at 5 weeks. Therefore, additional interventions may need to be provided before the educational effect on preventive behavior intention is greatly diminished.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social support, self-esteem, and stress in elementary school children. Methods: The data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 457 5th and 6th graders of four elementary schools located in Jollabuk-do Province, Korea. Subjects were completed the following questionnaires: Social support, self-esteem and Stress. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 15.0 program. Results: The mean (±SD) scores of Social support, self-esteem and Stress were 3.22 (±0.43), 3.00 (±0.53), and 1.47 (±0.43), respectively. There was a significant negative correlations could be seen in social support (r=-.497, p<.001) as well as self-esteem (r=-.491, p<.001) in relation to stress. The variables of stress in elementary school children were social support and self-esteem which explained 30.0% of the cases. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated that there is a need to develop and apply nursing intervention to promote social support, self-esteem, and reduce stress in elementary school children. Therefore it is needed to develop nursing intervention programs to promote social support and self-esteem.
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