We have prepared three pigments and six soluble dyes with thermal stability derived from diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) pigment by N-alkylation and dimerization. Synthesized dyes and pigments were measured by an absorption maximum (λ max ) and thermal stability using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively, comparing with C.I. Pigment Red 254. These dyes exhibited superior solubility to the organic solvents by introducing the linking group (n-octyl). DPP pigments have inferior thermal and solvent stability, which has so far inhibited their commercial adoption in color filter fabrication. The thermal stability of the N-alkylated dyes can be highly contributed by both the carbon number and their shapes of N-alkyl group in DPP ring.

Although South Korea introduced the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register system in 1996, there is relatively limited evidence on how socioeconomic status at both individual and municipal levels is associated with exposure to toxic chemicals in Korea because of limited data sources. Using a multi-level negative binomial model, this study examined the socioeconomic status of both individuals and municipalities with a higher level of exposure to carcinogenic emissions from industrial facilities in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The results reveal that economic minority individuals (national basic livelihood security recipients, unemployed people, and tenants), municipalities with higher percentages of industrial land use, and foreign-born populations had more facilities that produce carcinogenic emissions. While similar findings have been reported by many environmental justice studies conducted in other countries, this is the first Korean case study that reports the relationship between socioeconomic status at both individual and municipal levels and exposure to toxic chemicals.

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