Mitigating the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be achieved through the maintenance of a healthy weight, the adoption of a healthy diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. The oxidative balance score (OBS), an integrated measure of pro- and antioxidant exposure conditions, represents an individual’s overall oxidative balance status. This study aimed to evaluate the association between OBS and T2DM incidence using data from a large, community-based, prospective cohort study. Data from 7369 participants aged 40–69 years who engaged in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for T2DM incidence of sex-specific OBS tertile groups were calculated using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. During the mean 13.6-year follow-up period, 908 men and 880 women developed T2DM. The fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident T2DM of the middle and highest tertile groups, compared with the referent lowest tertile group, were 0.86 (0.77–1.02) and 0.83 (0.70–0.99) in men and were 0.94 (0.80–1.11) and 0.78 (0.65–0.94) in women, respectively. Individuals with a high OBS are at lower risk for the development of T2DM. This implies that lifestyle modification with more antioxidant properties could be a preventive strategy for T2DM.
Background/Aims: Although anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents have been widely used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), the real-world incidence of suboptimal response to anti-TNF agents has not been thoroughly investigated, especially among Asians. Methods:Using the Korean National Health Insurance database, we collected data on UC patients who initiated anti-TNF agents between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017. We assessed suboptimal responses, including anti-TNF discontinuation or dose escalation, switching to other biologics, augmentation with a non-biologic therapy, and the requirement for colectomy.Results: A total of 1,268 patients were included as new anti-TNF users (infliximab 713, adalimumab 433, golimumab 122). The proportion of patients who experienced at least one suboptimal response within 1 year among all patients was 63.5%, including 59.1%, 69.5%, and 68.0% of patients treated with infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab, respectively. The cumulative incidences of at least one suboptimal response over time were 41.5%, 63.7%, 80.5%, and 87.1% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed that adalimumab was associated with a higher risk of at least one suboptimal response (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.48), dose escalation (HR, 4.35; 95% CI, 2.97 to 6.38) and discontinuation (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.52) than infliximab. Golimumab was associated with a higher risk of switching to other biologics than infliximab (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.60). Conclusions:More than half of Korean UC patients had suboptimal responses to anti-TNF agents within 1 year. UC patients treated with infliximab might be less prone to suboptimal responses than those treated with adalimumab or golimumab.
Objective To evaluate the effect of fascia penetration and develop a new technique for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) conduction studies based on the fascia penetration point (PP) identified using ultrasound.Methods The fascia PP of the LFCN was localized in 20 healthy subjects, and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were obtained at four different stimulation points—2 cm proximal to the PP (2PPP), PP, 2 cm distal to the PP (2DPP), and 4 cm distal to the PP (4DPP). We compared the stimulation technique based on the fascia penetration point (STBFP) with the conventional technique.Results The SNAP amplitude of the LFCN was significantly higher when stimulation was performed at the PP and 2DPP than at other stimulation points. Using the STBFP, SNAP responses were elicited in 38 of 40 legs, whereas they were elicited in 32 of 40 legs using the conventional technique (p=0.041). STBFP had a comparable SNAP amplitude and slightly delayed negative peak latency compared to the conventional technique. In terms of the time required, the time spent on STBFP showed a more consistent distribution than the time spent on the conventional technique (two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, p<0.05).Conclusion SNAP of the LFCN significantly changed near the fascia PP, and stimulation at PP and at 2DPP provided high amplitudes. STBFP can help increase the response rate and ensure stable and consistent procedure time of the LFCN conduction study.
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