The construction of strut‐and‐tie models (STMs) is the key, but also the difficulty when the model is used to describe the force mechanism and guide the reinforcement layout design of concrete disturbed regions (D‐regions). Topology optimization is a promising way to guide STMs construction. Different from the existing construction methods of predetermining nodes, the angle of inclination of the truss elements is first determined to ensure that it is consistent with that of the principal stresses in a 2D finite element model of the structure. The constructed model can well reflect the force transmission path of structural members, and it is better than the existing methods when it is evaluated through the principle of minimum strain energy. To verify the validity of the STM, a reinforcement layout scheme is adopted completely according to the position of the tension ties. On this basis, another reinforcement layout scheme adds additional transverse reinforcements in the bottle‐shaped stress field. The nonlinear finite element comparative analysis of an irregular deep beam designed by the two schemes is carried out. The results show that the two ultimate loads are close. Brittle failure occurs in the former, while the latter has higher deformability and eventually ductile failure occurs.
The combination of sticky rice pulp and tabia is a building material in ancient China, while the concrete preparation with sticky rice pulp instead of water is a new concept, and exploratory experimental study on its working and mechanical properties is indispensable. Therefore, on the basis of concrete substrates of Chinese C25, sticky rice pulp with different concentrations was used to replace water to complete the preparation of concrete, and its slump and compressive strength test under different ages was carried out. The results showed that sticky rice pulp could be a retarder and reduce the water‐cement ratio to a certain extent, and amylopectin in sticky rice pulp could also play the role of template. In addition, there is cementation of coarse and fine aggregate by adhesive components in sticky rice pulp. These effects cause the compressive strength of concrete to decrease at the early stage and increase at the later stage, and in terms of strength alone, the optimal concentration of sticky rice pulp that replaces water is about 1%. According to the test results, the influence functions of cube compressive strength of concrete with sticky rice pulp at 3d and 28d ages, as well as the correlation function of cube compressive strength and two variables about concentration and age of sticky rice pulp were also fitted. The results of the above series of exploration provide basis for the engineering application of concrete with sticky rice pulp in future, which is an environmentally friendly building material.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.