Nowadays, Carbon Capture and Conversion (CCC) method is one of the alternative solutions in carbon management. The reduced graphene oxide-Titanium (rGO-TiO 2 ) composites are the CCC material that will capture the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and convert it into hydrocarbon fuels such as methane. The effect of synthesizing method into crystallinity growth and the band gap will be studied in this research work. Therefore, the rGO-TiO 2 will be synthesized via solvothermal and hydrothermal methods and then will be characterized via XRD and UV-Vis. The temperature and treatment time were fixed in both synthesis methods. The characterization results via XRD and UV-Vis conclude that, the different synthesis methods affected the crystallinity growth and its band gap. The rGO-TiO 2 synthesized via modified hydrothermal method shows the lowest crystallite size and band gap compared to other samples. It will indirectly affect the photogenerated electrons on TiO 2 to rGO better compared to rGO-TiO 2 synthesized via solvothermal. The green synthesis method which requires a low equipment cost and simple experimental steps is the contribution of this research finding.
In this paper, we propose a method for prototyping cantilever sensors by means of a modification of commercial atomic force microscopy cantilevers, using electron beam lithography and focused ion beam milling. To overcome obstacles with resist coating related to spin-coating of nonplanar 3D substrates, in this case of free-standing cantilevers, we propose a modified method based on spin-coating technique. An auxiliary atomic force microscopy chip was inserted below the cantilever to quasi-planarize the surface during spin-coating of electron beam resist. Magnetic micro-ellipses were prepared at the free-end of the cantilever by electron beam lithography. We propose a design of a cantilever sensor for the study of magnetic coupling between two cantilevers, prepared by focused ion beam milling. In ideal case, the coupling could be detected by a shift in resonance peaks. Attractive and repulsive forces between magnetic structures were shown by magnetic force microscopy.
A fast and easy method for preparing the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), using a caustic hydrothermal decomposition conditions followed with sulphate process using sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), is presented. Synthetic rutile waste as a starting raw material going through these two simple processes then the effects of acid concentration and time of sulphate process were studied. The chemical composition of the product will be characterized using Electron Dispersive (EDX) and the micrographs were analyzed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). This study shows that a titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) was successfully synthesized after treated with medium acid concentration, 1M to 3M and short treatment time, 3h to 5h sulphate process.
In this study nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots/graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (CNQD) composites with different contents of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs; 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) were synthesized. The morphological, physicochemical, and photoelectrochemical properties were investigated using complementary methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/Vis spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), nitrogen physisorption (BET), photocurrent response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials was assessed during diclofenac (DCF) degradation in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. As a result, improved photocatalytic efficiency in DCF degradation was observed for all the CNQD composites compared with bulk graphitic carbon nitride (bCN) and nanosheet g-C3N4 (CNS). The fastest DCF degradation was observed for the 6 wt% NCQD on the surface of CNS (CNQD-6), which removed 62% of DCF in 3 h, with an associated k value of 5.41 × 10−3 min−1. The performance test results confirmed the contribution of NCQDs to enhancing photocatalytic activity, leading to an improvement factor of 1.24 over bCN. The morphology of the CNS and the synergistic interaction between NCQDs and CNS were essential elements for enhancing photocatalytic activity. The photoelectrochemical data and photoluminescence analyses showed the efficient migration of photoexcited electrons from NCQDs to the CNS. The reduced charge recombination rates in CNQD photocatalysts might be due to the synergistic interaction between NCQDs and CNS and the unique up-conversion photoluminescence properties of NCQDs. Further investigations revealed that the photogenerated superoxide radicals (•O2−) predominated in the degradation of DCF, and this photocatalyst had good reusability and toxicity reduction abilities. This work provides insight into the effects of NCQDs on the CNS surface to enhance its potential to remove emerging organic pollutants from water and wastewater.
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