Background Vietnamese medicine tried and tested certain bioactive compounds from plants to increase the rate of tissue immunomodulation, regeneration, and differentiation. Although there are many research papers discovered about phytochemicals of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and differentiation induction potential of some substances purified from this herbal, it finds difficult to seek research that investigated the effect of hot water-extracted R. glutinosa Libosch (RGE) on proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, even though it has commonly been used for a long time because of its function as a restorative and as a critical role in cardiovascular treatment in traditional. Results Our research indicated that RGE has many predicted bio-pharmacological effects, and the RGE is demonstrated that it is non-toxic to UC-MSCs (IC50 = 1274 ppm). It also stimulates the proliferation and migration of UC-MSCs at various concentrations, especially at the RGE concentration of 50 ppm, during four days of treatment. On the other hand, the RGE can induce the cardiac pre-differentiation process from the fifth day to the fifteenth day after treatment, which was proven through both molecular and cellular (morphology evidence) levels like the up-regulation of GATA4, Nkx2.5, cTnT α-MHC, Desmin genes; the expression of Desmin protein, the appearance of two-nuclei cells, connecting process of adjoining cells, the cytoplasmic striations. Conclusion The RGE could either stimulate proliferation–migration of MSCs or induce the cardiac pre-differentiation process. This extract can be classified as non-toxic to the UC-MSCs.
Background Immunoproteasome, a part of ubiquitin–proteasome system, is involved in protein degradation and immune response. However, the relationship between immunoproteasome and Parkinson’s disease (PD) was not evaluated clearly. We hypothesized that the shift of immunoproteasome attributes to PD due to its role in immune system and protein homeostasis. Objective To determine whether immunoproteasome mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is expressed differently between patients with PD and healthy controls and to test its value as a biomarker of PD Methods Blood samples were collected from 19 healthy controls and 40 patients with PD of comparable ages. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and used to measure by RT-qPCR the mRNA levels of three catalytic subunits of immunoproteasome, namely, PSMB8, PSMB9, and PSMB10. Results The levels PSMB9 and PSMB10 mRNA were not different between the PD group and healthy control group, whereas the PSMB8 mRNA in PD group significantly increased. The ratio of PSMB10 and PSMB8 (PSMB10/8) best reflected significant difference between the PD group and healthy control group (p = 0.002). This ratio can discriminate all PD, mild PD (Hoehn and Yahr ≤ 2.5), and drug-naive PD from healthy controls. We found correlation between the PSMB10/8 ratio with the UPDRS total and Part III score in the mild PD subgroup and drug-naive PD subgroups Conclusion The expression of PSMB8 mRNA increased in PD, and the PSMB10/8 ratio can differentiate Parkinson’s disease from healthy controls.
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