Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is considered one of the most significant medical pandemics of this century, with high morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic. The virus was recognized initially as a cause of pneumonia, but subsequent studies showed significant association with gastrointestinal, neurological, and autoimmune diseases. By 2020, several vaccines became available for use, significantly reducing the infection rate. A good safety profile supported most of the studies related to vaccines. However, this area is still under study, and some reports linked the COVID-19 vaccine to the development of thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, autoimmune diseases, and myocarditis. These side effects need to be reported to VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System). The exact etiology of anti-glomerular basement (Anti-GBM) disease remains unknown, but the disease is thought to be triggered by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. It is considered one of the serious diseases that could lead to permanent kidney impairment if not treated early and adequately. That's why a great effort is being made by health care practitioners to figure out and avoid the risk and triggering factors. Few previously published papers linked the COVID-19 vaccine and the development of anti-GBM disease, which raised concerns about digging more into this area.Herein, we are reporting a case of a patient who developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) due to anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody disease two days after receiving the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.
This article deals with the protection of consumers when they enter e-commerce transactions with foreign companies. Most states reacted to the growing importance of e-commerce by enacting data protection and consumer protection legislation and by requiring registration of e-businesses. Companies have found a way to circumvent the consumer legislation by offering the consumers to agree to a choice of foreign courts and laws which are included in their terms and conditions. Consumers give away the protection of their home state simply by clicking to accept the general terms and conditions on the company’s website. The purpose of this article is to examine if the solutions and the experience from the United States and the European Union could serve as a model for transnational protection of consumers in e-commerce. The authors discuss the different levels of protection offered in the United States and the European Union and consider unification of the standards by a multilateral convention.
Background. The arbitrability of administrative contracts contributes to sustainable dispute resolution within the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 16 (SDG 16). However, different regulation of administrative contracts in comparative law affects the arbitrability of the disputes arising out of them. The question arises – is protection deserved if an administrative contract containing an arbitration clause concluded in violation of the administrative law of the governmental body or without a special approval is invalid, unenforceable, or if the company was unaware of such a requirement? This paper analyses the concept of an administrative contract and its arbitrability in Saudi Arabia and comparative law to provide for sustainable solutions. Methods. The analysis of the applicable arbitration and administrative laws and rules is conducted with the normative method to establish the arbitrability of the disputes arising out of administrative contracts and the concept of the administrative contract. The case analysis reveals if the legislative approach causes difficulties in practice. The dogmatic method is applied to link the reasons for legislative and case law development to the current normative solutions in comparative and Saudi law. The conclusions on the existing problems and possible solutions shall be based on the analytical method. Results and Conclusions. Government contracts are of great importance and their exclusion from arbitration contradicts the set goal of sustainable dispute resolution mechanism. Differences in comparative law in terms of the notion of the administrative contract and the arbitrability may diminish the positive effects of arbitration in administrative contracts, as they may endanger equal access to dispute resolution as part of the sustainable development goals, be enforceable, or even cause discrepancies between states that annul the arbitration awards and others that still enforce the awards despite their annulment.
Özİnternet teknolojisinin işletmecilik uygulamalarında kullanımının yaygınlaşmasıyla e-ticaret alanı genişlemiş, dolayısıyla tüketiciler çevrimiçi alışveriş yapmaya daha fazla yönelmişlerdir. Çevrimiçi alışveriş, tüketiciler için birçok avantaj sağlasa da çevrimiçi alışverişte satıcılara güven duyulması konusunda sorunlar yaşanabilmektedir. Özellikle çevrimiçi alışverişte satıcı ve müşteri arasında ana arayüz olan internet sitesi tasarımı faktörleri olan bilgi tasarımı, navigasyon tasarımı ve grafik tasarımının, müşteri güveni ve memnuniyeti sağlayarak, tüketicilerin satın alma davranışına dönüşmesinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da çevrimiçi alışverişte internet sitesi tasarımı faktörlerinin, çevrimiçi müşteri güven, memnuniyet ve satın alma niyeti etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu bağlamda, Bursa ilinde eğitim gören 441 üniversite öğrencisine amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılmış ve uygulanan anketler yoluyla araştırma değişkenlerine yönelik ifadelere katılım düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Araştırmanın hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla aşamalı regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın analiz sonuçlarına göre, dijital pazarlama ve e-ticaret literatüründe yer alan birçok araştırmayla benzer sonuçlara ulaşılmış olup, internet site tasarımının çevrimiçi müşteri güveni, memnuniyeti ve satın alma niyetini etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır.
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